用模块化神经算子解决微分方程,更准更快且边界条件零误差。
CompNO: A Novel Foundation Model approach for solving Partial Differential Equations
- 将微分算子拆解为可复用的基础模块,组合成特定任务求解器。
- 在多个方程上误差低于基线模型,边界条件始终精确满足。
- 适合需要快速高精度模拟的物理建模与工程仿真场景。
偏微分方程(PDEs)描述了广泛的物理现象,但其数值求解计算成本高昂,尤其在多参数条件下重复模拟时。现有科学基础模型通过学习大规模模拟数据的通用代理来降低计算开销,但通常依赖庞大且难解释的架构,预训练成本高。本文提出组合式神经算子(CompNO),一种针对参数化PDE的框架。不直接预训练单一大模型,而是先学习一组基础模块,每个模块是针对特定微分算子(如对流、扩散、非线性对流)的参数化傅里叶神经算子。这些模块通过轻量级适配块组合成特定任务的求解器,以逼近目标PDE的时间演化算子。此外,专门设计的边界条件算子在推理时精确满足Dirichlet边界条件。我们在PDEBench套件中的一维对流、扩散、对流-扩散和Burgers方程上验证了该方法。结果显示,对于线性参数系统,其相对L2误差低于强基线模型(PFNO、PDEFormer及基于上下文学习的模型),在非线性Burgers流动上也保持竞争力。模型在域边界处边界误差为零,并在广泛范围的佩克莱特数(Peclet)和雷诺数(Reynolds)下表现出鲁棒泛化能力。结果表明,组合式神经算子为构建可扩展、物理可解释的PDE基础模型提供了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern a wide range of physical phenomena, but their numerical solution remains computationally demanding, especially when repeated simulations are required across many parameter settings. Recent Scientific Foundation Models (SFMs) aim to alleviate this cost by learning universal surrogates from large collections of simulated systems, yet they typically rely on monolithic architectures with limited interpretability and high pretraining expense. In this work we introduce Compositional Neural Operators (CompNO), a compositional neural operator framework for parametric PDEs. Instead of pretraining a single large model on heterogeneous data, CompNO first learns a library of Foundation Blocks, where each block is a parametric Fourier neural operator specialized to a fundamental differential operator (e.g. convection, diffusion, nonlinear convection). These blocks are then assembled, via lightweight Adaptation Blocks, into task-specific solvers that approximate the temporal evolution operator for target PDEs. A dedicated boundary-condition operator further enforces Dirichlet constraints exactly at inference time. We validate CompNO on one-dimensional convection, diffusion, convection--diffusion and Burgers' equations from the PDEBench suite. The proposed framework achieves lower relative L2 error than strong baselines (PFNO, PDEFormer and in-context learning based models) on linear parametric systems, while remaining competitive on nonlinear Burgers' flows. The model maintains exact boundary satisfaction with zero loss at domain boundaries, and exhibits robust generalization across a broad range of Peclet and Reynolds numbers. These results demonstrate that compositional neural operators provide a scalable and physically interpretable pathway towards foundation models for PDEs.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。