arXiv:2601.07805cs.CV2026-01

用特征交换替代复杂计算,实现高效遥感变化检测

Exchange Is All You Need for Remote Sensing Change Detection

  • 采用参数无差的特征交换机制,取代传统减法或拼接操作
  • 在五个数据集上达到或超越现有最佳性能,且模型更简洁
  • 可将普通分割模型轻松改造为变化检测器,适合快速部署

遥感变化检测依赖于双时相特征的有效融合与区分。现有方法通常使用孪生编码器结合显式的差分模块(如减法或拼接)来识别变化。本文提出SEED(Siamese Encoder-Exchange-Decoder)框架,以无需参数的特征交换替代显式差分。通过共享孪生编码器和解码器的权重,SEED 实际上是一个单参数集模型。理论上,我们将特征交换形式化为正交置换算子,证明其在像素一致性假设下能保持互信息与贝叶斯最优风险,而常见算术融合方式常导致信息损失。在五个基准数据集(SYSU-CD、LEVIR-CD、PX-CLCD、WaterCD、CDD)和三种骨干网络(SwinT、EfficientNet、ResNet)上的实验表明,尽管结构简单,SEED 仍达到或超越当前最先进水平。此外,我们发现仅通过插入该交换机制,标准语义分割模型即可转化为性能优异的变化检测器,称为SEG2CD。该范式提供了一个稳健、统一且可解释的变化检测框架,证明简单的特征交换足以实现高性能信息融合。代码与完整训练评估流程将在 https://github.com/dyzy41/open-rscd 发布。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Remote sensing change detection fundamentally relies on the effective fusion and discrimination of bi-temporal features. Prevailing paradigms typically utilize Siamese encoders bridged by explicit difference computation modules, such as subtraction or concatenation, to identify changes. In this work, we challenge this complexity with SEED (Siamese Encoder-Exchange-Decoder), a streamlined paradigm that replaces explicit differencing with parameter-free feature exchange. By sharing weights across both Siamese encoders and decoders, SEED effectively operates as a single parameter set model. Theoretically, we formalize feature exchange as an orthogonal permutation operator and prove that, under pixel consistency, this mechanism preserves mutual information and Bayes optimal risk, whereas common arithmetic fusion methods often introduce information loss. Extensive experiments across five benchmarks, including SYSU-CD, LEVIR-CD, PX-CLCD, WaterCD, and CDD, and three backbones, namely SwinT, EfficientNet, and ResNet, demonstrate that SEED matches or surpasses state of the art methods despite its simplicity. Furthermore, we reveal that standard semantic segmentation models can be transformed into competitive change detectors solely by inserting this exchange mechanism, referred to as SEG2CD. The proposed paradigm offers a robust, unified, and interpretable framework for change detection, demonstrating that simple feature exchange is sufficient for high performance information fusion. Code and full training and evaluation protocols will be released at https://github.com/dyzy41/open-rscd.

变化检测遥感特征交换轻量模型

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