现有正则化持续学习在脑电情绪识别中效果差,因难以适应新用户。
Affect and Effect: Limitations of regularisation-based continual learning in EEG-based emotion classification
- 用正则化方法保护旧知识,但忽略新用户数据变化。
- 在DREAMER和SEED数据集上,新用户识别准确率未比微调提升。
- 模型对用户顺序敏感,且重要参数估计在噪声下失效。
基于脑电信号的情绪分类在泛化到未见用户时仍面临挑战,主要源于个体间与个体内差异大。持续学习(CL)通过序列任务学习缓解灾难性遗忘,常以弹性权重巩固(EWC)、突触智能(SI)、记忆感知突触(MAS)等正则化方法为基线。本研究在DREAMER与SEED数据集上发现,此类方法在脑电情绪识别中表现有限。其根本问题在于稳定性-可塑性权衡失配:正则化方法过度关注防止旧任务遗忘(反向迁移),却未能有效适应新用户(正向迁移)。在用户增量序列下,我们观察到:(1) 参数重要性估计在噪声数据与协变量偏移下可靠性下降;(2) 被标记为重要的参数梯度常干扰新用户所需更新,使优化偏离最优解;(3) 多任务累积的重要性值过度约束模型;(4) 性能对用户顺序高度敏感。正向迁移未显著优于逐个微调(所有方法与数据集的p > 0.05)。EEG信号高变异性导致历史用户对新用户帮助甚微。因此,正则化持续学习方法难以实现对未见用户的鲁棒泛化。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generalisation to unseen subjects in EEG-based emotion classification remains a challenge due to high inter-and intra-subject variability. Continual learning (CL) poses a promising solution by learning from a sequence of tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Regularisation-based CL approaches, such as Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC), Synaptic Intelligence (SI), and Memory Aware Synapses (MAS), are commonly used as baselines in EEG-based CL studies, yet their suitability for this problem remains underexplored. This study theoretically and empirically finds that regularisation-based CL methods show limited performance for EEG-based emotion classification on the DREAMER and SEED datasets. We identify a fundamental misalignment in the stability-plasticity trade-off, where regularisation-based methods prioritise mitigating catastrophic forgetting (backward transfer) over adapting to new subjects (forward transfer). We investigate this limitation under subject-incremental sequences and observe that: (1) the heuristics for estimating parameter importance become less reliable under noisy data and covariate shift, (2) gradients on parameters deemed important by these heuristics often interfere with gradient updates required for new subjects, moving optimisation away from the minimum, (3) importance values accumulated across tasks over-constrain the model, and (4) performance is sensitive to subject order. Forward transfer showed no statistically significant improvement over sequential fine-tuning (p > 0.05 across approaches and datasets). The high variability of EEG signals means past subjects provide limited value to future subjects. Regularisation-based continual learning approaches are therefore limited for robust generalisation to unseen subjects in EEG-based emotion classification.
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