用逼真神经-力学模型连接大脑、身体与行为，加速脑科学突破
The embodied brain: Bridging the brain, body, and behavior with biorealistic neuromechanical models
- 将神经控制器嵌入仿真身体和环境，构建生物逼真模型
- 可推断实验难测的生理变量，并生成可验证的新假说
- 推动神经科学、机器人、机器学习交叉，助力医疗应用
动物行为是神经系统、身体与环境交互的结果。因此，理解行为控制机制需综合考虑生物力学和环境背景。将人工神经控制器嵌入仿真身体与环境中的计算模型，是实现这一目标的强大工具。本文综述生物逼真神经-力学模型的最新进展，并展望未来机遇。首先，这类模型可推断实验难以测量的生物物理变量；通过系统性扰动，能生成新的可实验验证的假说。其次，神经-力学模型促进了神经科学、机器人学与机器学习之间的交流，并在医疗领域展现应用潜力。我们设想，将实验研究与对神经-力学虚拟替代物的主动探测相结合，将显著加速神经科学研究进程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Animal behavior reflects interactions between the nervous system, body, and environment. Therefore, biomechanics and environmental context must be considered to understand algorithms for behavioral control. Computational models that embed artificial neural controllers within body models in simulated environments are a powerful tool for this purpose. Here, we review advances in biorealistic neuromechanical models while also highlighting emerging opportunities ahead. We first show how these models enable inference of biophysical variables that are difficult to measure experimentally. Through systematic perturbations, one can generate new experimentally testable hypotheses using these models. We then examine how neuromechanical models facilitate the exchange among neuroscience, robotics, and machine learning, and showcase their applications in healthcare. We envision that coupling experimental studies with active probing of their neuromechanical surrogates will significantly accelerate progress in neuroscience.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。