分析车祸后变道行为,提出能预测变道轨迹与风险的新模型。
How vehicles change lanes after encountering crashes: Empirical analysis and modeling
- 用无人机视频构建车祸后变道数据集,发现变道耗时更长、速度更低。
- 79.4%的变道中后车拒让,显著高于其他类型变道;模型预测误差降低超10%。
- 创新引入交互感知模块,可识别拒让行为,适合自动驾驶安全系统研究。
当交通事故发生后,后续车辆需变道绕行障碍物,此类操作称为车祸后变道(post crash LC)。在此类场景中,目标车道车辆即便在变道已开始后仍可能拒绝让行,增加了变道复杂性与事故风险。然而,此类变道的行为特征与运动模式尚不明确。为此,我们通过提取无人机拍摄的事故后视频中的车辆轨迹,构建了首个车祸后变道数据集。实证分析显示,相较于强制变道(MLCs)和自愿变道(DLCs),车祸后变道持续时间更长、插入速度更低、事故风险更高。特别地,79.4%的车祸后变道中至少出现一次后车拒让行为,远高于DLCs的21.7%和MLCs的28.6%。基于此,我们提出一种新型轨迹预测框架,核心为图注意力模块,显式建模拒让行为作为辅助交互感知任务。该模块引导条件变分自编码器与Transformer解码器共同预测变道者轨迹。引入交互感知模块后,模型在不同预测时长下,平均位移误差与最终位移误差均优于现有基线超过10%。同时,模型显著降低误判事故率,提升冲突预测准确性。最后,我们在多个不同地点采集的额外车祸后变道数据集上验证了模型的迁移能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
When a traffic crash occurs, following vehicles need to change lanes to bypass the obstruction. We define these maneuvers as post crash lane changes. In such scenarios, vehicles in the target lane may refuse to yield even after the lane change has already begun, increasing the complexity and crash risk of post crash LCs. However, the behavioral characteristics and motion patterns of post crash LCs remain unknown. To address this gap, we construct a post crash LC dataset by extracting vehicle trajectories from drone videos captured after crashes. Our empirical analysis reveals that, compared to mandatory LCs (MLCs) and discretionary LCs (DLCs), post crash LCs exhibit longer durations, lower insertion speeds, and higher crash risks. Notably, 79.4% of post crash LCs involve at least one instance of non yielding behavior from the new follower, compared to 21.7% for DLCs and 28.6% for MLCs. Building on these findings, we develop a novel trajectory prediction framework for post crash LCs. At its core is a graph based attention module that explicitly models yielding behavior as an auxiliary interaction aware task. This module is designed to guide both a conditional variational autoencoder and a Transformer based decoder to predict the lane changer's trajectory. By incorporating the interaction aware module, our model outperforms existing baselines in trajectory prediction performance by more than 10% in both average displacement error and final displacement error across different prediction horizons. Moreover, our model provides more reliable crash risk analysis by reducing false crash rates and improving conflict prediction accuracy. Finally, we validate the model's transferability using additional post crash LC datasets collected from different sites.
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