arXiv:2601.08166cs.AI2026-01被引 4

用大模型零样本分析代码,快速分配核心和频率,省电又快。

ZeroDVFS: Zero-Shot LLM-Guided Core and Frequency Allocation for Embedded Platforms

  • 用大模型提取代码特征,无需运行就能预判性能,实现零样本部署。
  • 在多个平台测试中,能效提升7.09倍,完成时间缩短4倍,决策延迟仅358ms。
  • 适合嵌入式系统开发者,尤其需要快速适配新任务的场景。

动态电压频率调节(DVFS)和任务到核心的分配对嵌入式系统的热管理及能效与性能平衡至关重要。现有方法或依赖仅基于利用率的启发式策略而忽略停顿时间,或需大量离线分析生成查表,难以实现实时调整。本文基于分层多智能体调度,提出基于模型的强化学习,利用精确环境模型预测热动态和性能状态,实现合成训练数据生成,收敛速度比无模型方法快20倍。引入大语言模型(LLM)进行代码级语义特征提取,无需执行即可刻画OpenMP程序特性,支持新工作负载在5秒内完成零样本部署。两个协同智能体分解指数级动作空间,后续决策延迟仅为358ms。在BOTS和PolybenchC基准测试中,于NVIDIA Jetson TX2、Jetson Orin NX、RubikPi和Intel Core i7平台上实验表明,相比现有电源管理技术,能效提升7.09倍,任务总完成时间(makespan)缩短4.0倍,决策延迟为358ms。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and task-to-core allocation are critical for thermal management and balancing energy and performance in embedded systems. Existing approaches either rely on utilization-based heuristics that overlook stall times, or require extensive offline profiling for table generation, preventing runtime adaptation. Building upon hierarchical multi-agent scheduling, we contribute model-based reinforcement learning with accurate environment models that predict thermal dynamics and performance states, enabling synthetic training data generation and converging 20 times faster than model-free methods. We introduce Large Language Model (LLM)-based semantic feature extraction that characterizes OpenMP programs through code-level features without execution, enabling zero-shot deployment for new workloads in under 5 seconds without workload-specific profiling. Two collaborative agents decompose the exponential action space, achieving 358ms latency for subsequent decisions. Experiments on Barcelona OpenMP Tasks Suite (BOTS) and PolybenchC benchmarks across NVIDIA Jetson TX2, Jetson Orin NX, RubikPi, and Intel Core i7 demonstrate 7.09 times better energy efficiency, 4.0 times better makespan, and 358ms decision latency compared to existing power management techniques.

嵌入式系统LLM应用能效优化调度算法

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