双智能体协作规划,让大模型推理更稳更准。
D$^2$Plan: Dual-Agent Dynamic Global Planning for Complex Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning
- 用推理者+净化者双角色动态规划搜索路径
- 在复杂问答上准确率提升12.3%,抗干扰能力更强
- 适合需要多步推理与精准检索的场景
近期基于强化学习训练的搜索增强型大模型可实现多跳推理中的搜索与推理交替。然而,随着上下文积累,关键证据与无关信息混杂,导致两种核心失败模式:(1) 搜索链构建无效,产生错误查询或遗漏关键信息;(2) 推理被边缘信息劫持,误将干扰项当作有效证据。为此,我们提出 D²Plan——一种双智能体动态全局规划范式,用于复杂检索增强推理。D²Plan 由 *Reasoner*(推理者)与 *Purifier*(净化者)协同工作:*Reasoner* 在推理中构建显式全局计划,并根据检索反馈动态调整;*Purifier* 评估检索相关性并为 *Reasoner* 提炼关键信息。我们设计了两阶段训练框架:先通过合成轨迹进行监督微调(SFT)冷启动,再以计划导向奖励进行强化学习,使大模型掌握 D²Plan 机制。大量实验表明,D²Plan 实现了更连贯的多步推理,在挑战性 QA 基准上表现优异,显著提升对无关信息的鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent search-augmented LLMs trained with reinforcement learning (RL) can interleave searching and reasoning for multi-hop reasoning tasks. However, they face two critical failure modes as the accumulating context becomes flooded with both crucial evidence and irrelevant information: (1) ineffective search chain construction that produces incorrect queries or omits retrieval of critical information, and (2) reasoning hijacking by peripheral evidence that causes models to misidentify distractors as valid evidence. To address these challenges, we propose **D$^2$Plan**, a **D**ual-agent **D**ynamic global **Plan**ning paradigm for complex retrieval-augmented reasoning. **D$^2$Plan** operates through the collaboration of a *Reasoner* and a *Purifier*: the *Reasoner* constructs explicit global plans during reasoning and dynamically adapts them based on retrieval feedback; the *Purifier* assesses retrieval relevance and condenses key information for the *Reasoner*. We further introduce a two-stage training framework consisting of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) cold-start on synthesized trajectories and RL with plan-oriented rewards to teach LLMs to master the **D$^2$Plan** paradigm. Extensive experiments demonstrate that **D$^2$Plan** enables more coherent multi-step reasoning and stronger resilience to irrelevant information, thereby achieving superior performance on challenging QA benchmarks.
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