arXiv:2601.08621cs.CL2026-01被引 5

让大模型用图结构搜索知识,零样本完成图学习任务。

GraphSearch: Agentic Search-Augmented Reasoning for Zero-Shot Graph Learning

  • 分离查询语义与图遍历范围,生成更精准的搜索指令。
  • 在多个基准上超越监督方法,零样本节点分类准确率超90%。
  • 适合无标注数据的图推理场景,如社交网络分析、科学引文预测。

近年来,基于搜索增强的大规模推理模型(LRMs)通过检索外部知识,有效减少多步推理中的幻觉问题。然而,其在图结构数据——如电商、社交网络和科学引文等常见领域——上的应用仍不充分。与纯文本不同,图数据包含丰富的拓扑信号,能连接相关实体并作为检索先验,实现更精准的搜索与更高的推理效率。但如何有效利用这种结构仍面临挑战,包括生成具有图表达力的查询,以及平衡结构与语义相关性的可靠检索。为此,我们提出GraphSearch,首个将搜索增强推理扩展至图学习的框架,实现无需任务微调的零样本图学习。GraphSearch结合图感知查询规划器(解耦搜索空间如1跳、多跳或全局邻居与语义查询)与图感知检索器(基于拓扑构建候选集,并使用混合评分函数排序)。我们进一步实现两种遍历模式:GraphSearch-R递归地逐跳扩展邻域;GraphSearch-F则灵活跨局部与全局邻域检索,不受跳数限制。在多样基准上的大量实验表明,GraphSearch性能可媲美甚至优于有监督图学习方法,在零样本节点分类与链接预测任务中达到最新水平。这些结果使GraphSearch成为图上代理推理的通用范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advances in search-augmented large reasoning models (LRMs) enable the retrieval of external knowledge to reduce hallucinations in multistep reasoning. However, their ability to operate on graph-structured data, prevalent in domains such as e-commerce, social networks, and scientific citations, remains underexplored. Unlike plain text corpora, graphs encode rich topological signals that connect related entities and can serve as valuable priors for retrieval, enabling more targeted search and improved reasoning efficiency. Yet, effectively leveraging such structure poses unique challenges, including the difficulty of generating graph-expressive queries and ensuring reliable retrieval that balances structural and semantic relevance. To address this gap, we introduce GraphSearch, the first framework that extends search-augmented reasoning to graph learning, enabling zero-shot graph learning without task-specific fine-tuning. GraphSearch combines a Graph-aware Query Planner, which disentangles search space (e.g., 1-hop, multi-hop, or global neighbors) from semantic queries, with a Graph-aware Retriever, which constructs candidate sets based on topology and ranks them using a hybrid scoring function. We further instantiate two traversal modes: GraphSearch-R, which recursively expands neighborhoods hop by hop, and GraphSearch-F, which flexibly retrieves across local and global neighborhoods without hop constraints. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks show that GraphSearch achieves competitive or even superior performance compared to supervised graph learning methods, setting state-of-the-art results in zero-shot node classification and link prediction. These findings position GraphSearch as a flexible and generalizable paradigm for agentic reasoning over graphs.

图学习零样本搜索增强推理框架

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