arXiv:2601.08634cs.CLcs.AI2026-01

用道德观调节大模型,发现其政治立场可被定向引导。

Moral Lenses, Political Coordinates: Towards Ideological Positioning of Morally Conditioned LLMs

  • 将道德价值设为可控条件,观察模型政治倾向变化
  • 不同道德条件导致政治坐标明显偏移,且具价值特异性
  • 效果受角色设定和模型规模影响,适合伦理对齐研究者

尽管近期研究已系统记录大型语言模型(LLMs)的政治倾向,但现有评估主要依赖直接探测或人口属性设定来揭示意识形态偏见。在社会心理学中,政治意识形态也被视为基本道德直觉的下游结果。本文通过将道德取向作为可控条件,探究道德价值观与政治定位之间的因果关系。我们不单纯赋予模型人口属性,而是让其支持或反对特定道德价值观,并通过政治光谱测试评估由此引发的政治倾向变化。以道德为透镜,观察到道德调节会主动引导模型在经济与社会维度上的轨迹变化。研究发现,此类调节可引发显著且价值特异性的政治坐标偏移。此外,这些效应受角色设定和模型规模系统性调节,并在多种体现相同道德价值的评估工具间保持稳健。这表明,有效的对齐需将政治评估置于更广泛的社会价值背景中,为更具社会根基的对齐方法铺平道路。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While recent research has systematically documented political orientation in large language models (LLMs), existing evaluations rely primarily on direct probing or demographic persona engineering to surface ideological biases. In social psychology, however, political ideology is also understood as a downstream consequence of fundamental moral intuitions. In this work, we investigate the causal relationship between moral values and political positioning by treating moral orientation as a controllable condition. Rather than simply assigning a demographic persona, we condition models to endorse or reject specific moral values and evaluate the resulting shifts on their political orientations, using the Political Compass Test. By treating moral values as lenses, we observe how moral conditioning actively steers model trajectories across economic and social dimensions. Our findings show that such conditioning induces pronounced, value-specific shifts in models' political coordinates. We further notice that these effects are systematically modulated by role framing and model scale, and are robust across alternative assessment instruments instantiating the same moral value. This highlights that effective alignment requires anchoring political assessments within the context of broader social values including morality, paving the way for more socially grounded alignment techniques.

大模型对齐道德推理政治倾向价值观调节

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