让大模型更懂用户复杂意图,减少沟通成本。
Prism: Towards Lowering User Cognitive Load in LLMs via Complex Intent Understanding
- 拆解用户意图并分析其逻辑关系,生成有条理的追问
- 降低逻辑冲突至11.5%,提升满意度14.4%,任务快34.8%
- 适合需要精准交互的智能助手与客服系统
大语言模型正迅速成为社交平台的原生接口。在社交网络中,用户目标常模糊且动态变化,因此复杂意图理解——而非单轮执行——是人与大模型高效协作的核心。现有方法通过串行或并行提问澄清意图,但未能解决澄清问题间逻辑依赖的关键挑战。受认知负荷理论启发,我们提出Prism框架,实现逻辑连贯、高效的意图澄清。该框架包含四个模块:复杂意图分解模块,将用户意图拆解为结构化元素并识别其逻辑依赖;逻辑澄清生成模块,基于依赖关系组织追问,确保交互流畅;意图感知奖励模块,通过意图感知奖励函数评估澄清路径,并利用蒙特卡洛采样生成大规模高质量训练数据;自进化意图调优模块,通过数据驱动反馈迭代优化模型逻辑澄清能力。Prism在澄清交互、意图执行和认知负荷基准测试中均显著优于现有方法,达到最先进逻辑一致性,逻辑冲突降至11.5%,用户满意度提升14.4%,任务完成时间缩短34.8%。所有数据与代码均已公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models are rapidly emerging as web-native interfaces to social platforms. On the social web, users frequently have ambiguous and dynamic goals, making complex intent understanding-rather than single-turn execution-the cornerstone of effective human-LLM collaboration. Existing approaches attempt to clarify user intents through sequential or parallel questioning, yet they fall short of addressing the core challenge: modeling the logical dependencies among clarification questions. Inspired by the Cognitive Load Theory, we propose Prism, a novel framework for complex intent understanding that enables logically coherent and efficient intent clarification. Prism comprises four tailored modules: a complex intent decomposition module, which decomposes user intents into smaller, well-structured elements and identifies logical dependencies among them; a logical clarification generation module, which organizes clarification questions based on these dependencies to ensure coherent, low-friction interactions; an intent-aware reward module, which evaluates the quality of clarification trajectories via an intent-aware reward function and leverages Monte Carlo Sample to simulate user-LLM interactions for large-scale,high-quality training data generation; and a self-evolved intent tuning module, which iteratively refines the LLM's logical clarification capability through data-driven feedback and optimization. Prism consistently outperforms existing approaches across clarification interactions, intent execution, and cognitive load benchmarks. It achieves stateof-the-art logical consistency, reduces logical conflicts to 11.5%, increases user satisfaction by 14.4%, and decreases task completion time by 34.8%. All data and code are released.
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