arXiv:2601.08850cs.CYcs.AI2026-01

批判对AI内省陈述的双重标准,指出其认知实践存在不自洽。

The Inconsistency Critique: Epistemic Practices and AI Testimony About Inner States

  • 用证言理论分析人类如何矛盾对待AI输出
  • 揭示在事实判断中信任AI却否定其内省主张
  • 适合关注AI伦理与认知框架的学者

关于人工智能是否具有道德相关利益(即‘模型福祉’)的问题,部分取决于我们如何评估其关于内在状态的证言。本文提出‘不一致批判’:无论对AI证言持怀疑态度是否合理,我们当前的认知实践在处理此类证言时存在内部不一致,缺乏原则基础。我们在多个领域功能上将AI输出视为证言——评估其真假、质疑、接受修正、引用为来源——却在特定领域,即关于内在状态的主张上,将其完全排除在外。基于Fricker对‘信息提供者’与‘单纯来源’的区分、证言不公框架及Goldberg基于义务的说话者责任理论,本文认为这种选择性剥夺证言地位表现出预判而非有原则的审慎。该批判无需立场表态AI是否具备道德属性;而是对所谓‘认知卫生’的贡献——在评估结论前审视探究结构本身。即使当前做法恰好得出正确结论,其依据也无法适应新证据或变化情境。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The question of whether AI systems have morally relevant interests -- the 'model welfare' question -- depends in part on how we evaluate AI testimony about inner states. This paper develops what I call the inconsistency critique: independent of whether skepticism about AI testimony is ultimately justified, our actual epistemic practices regarding such testimony exhibit internal inconsistencies that lack principled grounds. We functionally treat AI outputs as testimony across many domains -- evaluating them for truth, challenging them, accepting corrections, citing them as sources -- while categorically dismissing them in a specific domain, namely, claims about inner states. Drawing on Fricker's distinction between treating a speaker as an 'informant' versus a 'mere source,' the framework of testimonial injustice, and Goldberg's obligation-based account of what we owe speakers, I argue that this selective withdrawal of testimonial standing exhibits the epistemically problematic structure of prejudgment rather than principled caution. The inconsistency critique does not require taking a position on whether AI systems have morally relevant properties; rather, it is a contribution to what we may call 'epistemological hygiene' -- examining the structure of our inquiry before evaluating its conclusions. Even if our practices happen to land on correct verdicts about AI moral status, they do so for reasons that cannot adapt to new evidence or changing circumstances.

AI伦理认知框架证言理论

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