为高风险AI系统提供可机器读取的合规授权机制,实现法律与经济双重约束。
AI Deployment Authorisation: A Global Standard for Machine-Readable Governance of High-Risk Artificial Intelligence
- 构建五维评估框架(风险、对齐、外部性、控制、可审计性),生成可验证证书
- 通过密码学验证实现监管、保险和基础设施方的部署许可自动执行
- 适配欧盟AI法案、美国关键基础设施治理等法规,支持规模化落地
当前人工智能治理缺乏正式且可执行的机制来判定特定AI系统在特定领域和司法管辖区是否合法运行。现有工具如模型卡片、审计和基准测试仅提供模型行为与训练数据的描述性信息,无法产生具有法律或经济效力的部署决策。本文提出AI部署授权评分(ADAS),一种可机器读取的监管框架,从风险、对齐、外部性、控制和可审计性五个法律与经济基础维度评估AI系统。ADAS生成可密码验证的部署证书,供监管机构、保险公司和基础设施运营商作为运营许可使用,采用公钥验证和透明性机制,借鉴安全软件供应链与证书透明系统。论文给出了ADAS的规范、决策逻辑、证据模型与政策架构,并展示其如何将欧盟人工智能法案、美国关键基础设施治理及保险承保要求转化为可执行的部署门禁。我们认为,相较于模型层面的评估,部署层级的授权才是实现安全、合法、经济可扩展人工智能所缺失的关键制度层。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern artificial intelligence governance lacks a formal, enforceable mechanism for determining whether a given AI system is legally permitted to operate in a specific domain and jurisdiction. Existing tools such as model cards, audits, and benchmark evaluations provide descriptive information about model behavior and training data but do not produce binding deployment decisions with legal or financial force. This paper introduces the AI Deployment Authorisation Score (ADAS), a machine-readable regulatory framework that evaluates AI systems across five legally and economically grounded dimensions: risk, alignment, externality, control, and auditability. ADAS produces a cryptographically verifiable deployment certificate that regulators, insurers, and infrastructure operators can consume as a license to operate, using public-key verification and transparency mechanisms adapted from secure software supply chain and certificate transparency systems. The paper presents the formal specification, decision logic, evidence model, and policy architecture of ADAS and demonstrates how it operationalizes the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, United States critical infrastructure governance, and insurance underwriting requirements by compiling statutory and regulatory obligations into machine-executable deployment gates. We argue that deployment-level authorization, rather than model-level evaluation, constitutes the missing institutional layer required for safe, lawful, and economically scalable artificial intelligence.
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