用自适应算法实时优化粒子对撞机的触发系统,提升探测效率。
Towards a Self-Driving Trigger at the LHC: Adaptive Response in Real Time
- 基于机器学习动态调整触发阈值和资源分配
- 在真实数据上实现自动优化,信号效率提升且速率稳定
- 适合高能物理实验中追求高效数据筛选的研究者
大型强子对撞机(LHC)等高通量科学设施中的实时数据过滤与选择(即触发)系统,需在严苛的带宽、延迟和存储约束下处理极高速率的数据流。然而这些系统通常采用静态的手动调参筛选规则,依赖先验知识和仿真。本文进一步探索自驱动触发的概念——一种自主的数据过滤框架,能随仪器状态和环境变化,在实时中动态重分配资源并调整阈值,以优化信号效率、速率稳定性及计算成本。我们构建了一个模拟真实对撞场景的基准生态,展示了包含典型能量和触发以及基于机器学习的异常检测算法在内的触发菜单的实时优化能力。利用模拟数据流和来自紧凑渺子线圈(CMS)实验的公开碰撞数据,我们证明了在特定成本目标下无需人工干预即可自动优化触发性能。该自适应策略将触发设计从静态启发式菜单转向智能、自动化、数据驱动的控制,为未来高能物理分析释放更大的灵活性与发现潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Real-time data filtering and selection -- or trigger -- systems at high-throughput scientific facilities such as the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) must process extremely high-rate data streams under stringent bandwidth, latency, and storage constraints. Yet these systems are typically designed as static, hand-tuned menus of selection criteria grounded in prior knowledge and simulation. In this work, we further explore the concept of a self-driving trigger, an autonomous data-filtering framework that reallocates resources and adjusts thresholds dynamically in real-time to optimize signal efficiency, rate stability, and computational cost as instrumentation and environmental conditions evolve. We introduce a benchmark ecosystem to emulate realistic collider scenarios and demonstrate real-time optimization of a menu including canonical energy sum triggers as well as modern anomaly-detection algorithms that target non-standard event topologies using machine learning. Using simulated data streams and publicly available collision data from the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, we demonstrate the capability to dynamically and automatically optimize trigger performance under specific cost objectives without manual retuning. Our adaptive strategy shifts trigger design from static menus with heuristic tuning to intelligent, automated, data-driven control, unlocking greater flexibility and discovery potential in future high-energy physics analyses.
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