用自然语言描述关系,让知识图谱更灵活精准
From Symbolic to Natural-Language Relations: Rethinking Knowledge Graph Construction in the Era of Large Language Models
- 摒弃固定标签,改用自然语言表达关系
- 保留结构骨架,支持上下文敏感的语义表达
- 适合需要细粒度推理的LLM下游任务
知识图谱传统上依赖预定义的符号化关系模式,通常以离散类别标签形式呈现。这种设计存在明显缺陷:现实关系常具上下文性、细微差异和不确定性,压缩为离散标签会丢失关键语义信息。尽管如此,符号化关系图谱仍被广泛使用,因其在传统下游模型中具备操作性与兼容性,可规模化检索或编码为量化特征与嵌入表示。大语言模型(LLMs)的出现改变了知识的生成与消费方式:LLMs能以简洁自然语言大规模合成领域事实,提示推理也更倾向上下文丰富的自由文本而非量化表征。本文主张,这要求我们重新思考关系本身的表达方式,而非仅用LLMs高效填充原有符号化模式。因此,我们提倡从符号化转向自然语言关系描述,并提出混合设计原则——保留最小结构骨架的同时,实现更灵活、上下文敏感的关系表示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Knowledge graphs (KGs) have commonly been constructed using predefined symbolic relation schemas, typically implemented as categorical relation labels. This design has notable shortcomings: real-world relations are often contextual, nuanced, and sometimes uncertain, and compressing it into discrete relation labels abstracts away critical semantic detail. Nevertheless, symbolic-relation KGs remain widely used because they have been operationally effective and broadly compatible with pre-LLM downstream models and algorithms, in which KG knowledge could be retrieved or encoded into quantified features and embeddings at scale. The emergence of LLMs has reshaped how knowledge is created and consumed. LLMs support scalable synthesis of domain facts directly in concise natural language, and prompting-based inference favors context-rich free-form text over quantified representations. This position paper argues that these changes call for rethinking the representation of relations themselves rather than merely using LLMs to populate conventional schemas more efficiently. We therefore advocate moving from symbolic to natural-language relation descriptions, and we propose hybrid design principles that preserve a minimal structural backbone while enabling more flexible and context-sensitive relational representations.
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