用双系统大模型动态调度,自动应对生产干扰。
DScheLLM: Enabling Dynamic Scheduling through a Fine-Tuned Dual-System Large language Model
- 双模式推理:快思与慢思结合处理不同规模干扰
- 快模式生成高质量调度,慢模式输出可解的决策输入
- 基于华为嵌入式大模型微调,适合工业动态调度场景
生产调度极易受动态干扰影响,如加工时间波动、设备故障和突发任务插入。传统方法依赖事件特异性模型与显式数学公式,难以适应未见扰动。本文提出DScheLLM,一种基于微调大语言模型的动态调度方法,采用快-慢双系统推理架构,以应对不同尺度的扰动。构建统一的基于大语言模型的框架,通过运筹学求解器生成的精确调度数据,训练快慢两种推理模式。使用华为OpenPangu Embedded-7B模型,在混合推理范式下通过LoRA进行微调。在标准作业车间调度基准测试中,快思考模式能高效生成高质量调度方案,慢思考模式可输出与求解器兼容且格式规范的决策输入。据我们所知,这是最早将大语言模型应用于动态作业车间调度的研究之一,展示了其在智能自适应调度优化中的巨大潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Production scheduling is highly susceptible to dynamic disruptions, such as variations in processing times, machine availability, and unexpected task insertions. Conventional approaches typically rely on event-specific models and explicit analytical formulations, which limits their adaptability and generalization across previously unseen disturbances. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes DScheLLM, a dynamic scheduling approach that leverages fine-tuned large language models within a dual-system (fast-slow) reasoning architecture to address disturbances of different scales. A unified large language model-based framework is constructed to handle dynamic events, where training datasets for both fast and slow reasoning modes are generated using exact schedules obtained from an operations research solver. The Huawei OpenPangu Embedded-7B model is subsequently fine-tuned under the hybrid reasoning paradigms using LoRA. Experimental evaluations on standard job shop scheduling benchmarks demonstrate that the fast-thinking mode can efficiently generate high-quality schedules and the slow-thinking mode can produce solver-compatible and well-formatted decision inputs. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents one of the earliest studies applying large language models to job shop scheduling in dynamic environments, highlighting their considerable potential for intelligent and adaptive scheduling optimization.
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