arXiv:2601.09322cs.CV2026-01被引 3

让视觉变压器的中间层参与任务适配,提升模型性能。

Attentive multilayer fusion for vision transformers

  • 用注意力机制动态融合多层特征,自动选择关键层级。
  • 在20个数据集上相比传统方法平均显著提升性能。
  • 适合需要高效微调的下游任务,尤其跨域任务受益明显。

随着大规模基础模型的兴起,如何高效适应下游任务仍是核心挑战。线性探针(Linear probing)通过冻结主干网络并训练轻量级头部,具有计算效率优势,但通常仅依赖最后一层表示。我们发现,与任务相关的信息分布在整个网络层次中,而非仅编码于最后几层。为此,提出一种有注意力的探针机制,动态融合视觉变压器所有层的表示。该有注意力层融合(ALF)能学习识别对目标任务最相关的层,并结合低层结构线索与高层语义抽象。在20个不同数据集及多个预训练基础模型上,ALF均实现稳定且显著优于标准线性探针的性能。注意力热力图进一步表明,与预训练领域不同的任务最受益于中间表示。总体而言,研究强调了中间层的价值,并展示了一种原理清晰、任务感知的探针式适配方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

With the rise of large-scale foundation models, efficiently adapting them to downstream tasks remains a central challenge. Linear probing, which freezes the backbone and trains a lightweight head, is computationally efficient but often restricted to last-layer representations. We show that task-relevant information is distributed across the network hierarchy rather than encoded solely in the last layers. To leverage this distribution of information, we apply an attentive probing mechanism that dynamically fuses representations from all layers of a Vision Transformer. This attentive layer fusion (ALF) learns to identify the most relevant layers for a target task and combines low-level structural cues with high-level semantic abstractions. Across 20 diverse datasets and multiple pretrained foundation models, ALF achieves consistent, substantial gains over standard linear probes. Attention heatmaps further reveal that tasks different from the pre-training domain benefit most from intermediate representations. Overall, our findings underscore the value of intermediate layers and demonstrate a principled, task-aware approach for unlocking their potential for probing-based adaptation.

视觉变压器注意力机制特征融合线性探针

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