让知识图谱会“思考不确定”,提升医疗问答可靠性
Uncertainty-Aware Dynamic Knowledge Graphs for Reliable Question Answering
- 动态构建带置信度的可变知识图谱,捕捉信息演进与不确定性
- 在死亡率预测任务中,信心感知问答准确率显著优于传统方法
- 适合临床数据科学家和医生,尤其高风险医疗决策场景
问答系统广泛应用于各领域,但当检索到的证据不完整、嘈杂或存在不确定性时,其可靠性会下降。现有基于知识图谱(KG)的问答框架通常将事实表示为静态确定性结构,无法反映信息的动态演变及推理中的固有不确定性。本文展示了一种不确定性感知的动态知识图谱框架,结合(i)动态构建演化知识图谱,(ii)置信度评分与不确定性感知检索,以及(iii)交互式界面,实现可靠且可解释的问答。系统支持用户探索动态图谱、查看置信度标注的三元组,并比较基线与置信度感知答案。目标用户为临床数据科学家与医生,我们在医疗领域实例化该框架:从电子健康记录构建个性化知识图谱,可视化跨患者就诊的不确定性,并在死亡率预测任务中评估其影响。此用例展示了不确定性感知动态知识图谱在高风险应用中提升问答可靠性的广阔前景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Question answering (QA) systems are increasingly deployed across domains. However, their reliability is undermined when retrieved evidence is incomplete, noisy, or uncertain. Existing knowledge graph (KG) based QA frameworks typically represent facts as static and deterministic, failing to capture the evolving nature of information and the uncertainty inherent in reasoning. We present a demonstration of uncertainty-aware dynamic KGs, a framework that combines (i) dynamic construction of evolving KGs, (ii) confidence scoring and uncertainty-aware retrieval, and (iii) an interactive interface for reliable and interpretable QA. Our system highlights how uncertainty modeling can make QA more robust and transparent by enabling users to explore dynamic graphs, inspect confidence-annotated triples, and compare baseline versus confidence-aware answers. The target users of this demo are clinical data scientists and clinicians, and we instantiate the framework in healthcare: constructing personalized KGs from electronic health records, visualizing uncertainty across patient visits, and evaluating its impact on a mortality prediction task. This use case demonstrates the broader promise of uncertainty-aware dynamic KGs for enhancing QA reliability in high-stakes applications.
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