用大模型处理长序列决策,让语言模型学会做策略规划
DecisionLLM: Large Language Models for Long Sequence Decision Exploration
- 将轨迹数据当作独立模态,结合自然语言描述进行自回归预测
- 30亿参数模型在迷宫和竞价任务上分别比DT提升69.4和0.085
- 适合研究大规模决策建模与在线竞价系统的学者
长序列决策通常通过强化学习(RL)解决,是动态环境中优化战略操作的关键,如计算广告中的实时竞价。决策变换器(DT)将其视为自回归序列建模问题,展现出强大能力。与此同时,大语言模型(LLMs)在复杂推理与规划任务中表现出色。这启发我们探究:具有相同Transformer架构但规模更大的LLMs能否在长时序决策任务中实现更高性能?本文研究了LLMs在离线决策任务中的应用。一个核心挑战是LLMs无法原生理解连续数值,因文本表示下缺乏对数值大小与顺序的认知。为此,我们提出将轨迹视为一种独特模态,通过学习轨迹数据与自然语言任务描述的对齐,构建可自回归预测未来决策的统一框架——DecisionLLM。我们建立了该范式的缩放定律,表明性能取决于三个因素:模型规模、数据量与数据质量。在离线实验基准与竞价场景中,DecisionLLM表现优异。具体而言,DecisionLLM-3B在Maze2D umaze-v1上优于传统决策变换器(DT)69.4,在AuctionNet上提升0.085。该工作拓展了AIGB范式,为在线竞价的未来探索指明方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Long-sequence decision-making, which is usually addressed through reinforcement learning (RL), is a critical component for optimizing strategic operations in dynamic environments, such as real-time bidding in computational advertising. The Decision Transformer (DT) introduced a powerful paradigm by framing RL as an autoregressive sequence modeling problem. Concurrently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in complex reasoning and planning tasks. This inspires us whether LLMs, which share the same Transformer foundation, but operate at a much larger scale, can unlock new levels of performance in long-horizon sequential decision-making problem. This work investigates the application of LLMs to offline decision making tasks. A fundamental challenge in this domain is the LLMs' inherent inability to interpret continuous values, as they lack a native understanding of numerical magnitude and order when values are represented as text strings. To address this, we propose treating trajectories as a distinct modality. By learning to align trajectory data with natural language task descriptions, our model can autoregressively predict future decisions within a cohesive framework we term DecisionLLM. We establish a set of scaling laws governing this paradigm, demonstrating that performance hinges on three factors: model scale, data volume, and data quality. In offline experimental benchmarks and bidding scenarios, DecisionLLM achieves strong performance. Specifically, DecisionLLM-3B outperforms the traditional Decision Transformer (DT) by 69.4 on Maze2D umaze-v1 and by 0.085 on AuctionNet. It extends the AIGB paradigm and points to promising directions for future exploration in online bidding.
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