GenAI助设计，新手提效但自信下降，关键在怎么用提示词。
The Impact of Generative AI on Architectural Conceptual Design: Performance, Creative Self-Efficacy and Cognitive Load
- 对比独立设计与使用GenAI/在线图库，评估效果差异。
- 新手用GenAI设计表现更好，但整体自信心反而降低。
- 反复试错和视觉反馈提示能减轻认知负担，适合初学者。
本研究考察生成式AI（GenAI）对建筑概念设计任务中表现、创造力自我效能感及认知负荷的影响。36名建筑工程师及相关专业学生完成两阶段设计任务：先独立设计，再分别在GenAI辅助与使用在线项目库的对照条件下进行。设计成果由专家评审，自我效能感与认知负荷在每阶段后自评。差异分析显示，总体上GenAI未带来性能优势；但子群分析表明，对新手而言，使用GenAI显著提升了设计表现。相反，使用GenAI的学生整体创造力自我效能感下降。认知负荷在各条件间无显著差异，但提示词使用模式显示，迭代生成与视觉反馈提示与更低的认知负荷相关。结果表明，GenAI的有效性取决于用户先前经验及提示策略。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Our study examines how generative AI (GenAI) influences performance, creative self-efficacy, and cognitive load in architectural conceptual design tasks. Thirty-six student participants from Architectural Engineering and other disciplines completed a two-phase architectural design task, first independently and then with external tools (GenAI-assisted condition and control condition using an online repository of existing architectural projects). Design outcomes were evaluated by expert raters, while self-efficacy and cognitive load were self-reported after each phase. Difference-in-differences analyses revealed no overall performance advantage of GenAI across participants; however, subgroup analyses showed that GenAI significantly improved design performance for novice designers. In contrast, general creative self-efficacy declined for students using GenAI. Cognitive load did not differ significantly between conditions, though prompt usage patterns showed that iterative idea generation and visual feedback prompts were linked to greater reductions in cognitive load. These findings suggest that GenAI effectiveness depends on users' prior expertise and interaction strategies through prompting.
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