提出约束式分层架构,解决多智能体系统协同不稳问题。
CTHA: Constrained Temporal Hierarchical Architecture for Stable Multi-Agent LLM Systems
- 通过消息契约、权限流形和仲裁约束三重机制控制层间通信
- 任务失败级联减少47%,采样效率提升2.3倍,可扩展性更强
- 适合构建大规模稳定多智能体系统的研究者与开发者
近期的多时标智能体架构通过引入具有不同认知层级的时间层次结构,拓展了传统的单循环范式。尽管性能显著提升,这种多样性从根本上破坏了统一智能体系统的协调稳定性,导致严重的层间冲突、误差无界传播以及可扩展性受限。为此,我们提出约束式时间分层架构(CTHA),一种通用框架,将层间通信空间投影到结构化流形上以恢复协调稳定性,并引入合理仲裁机制确保决策一致性。具体而言,CTHA施加三项关键约束:(1) 消息契约约束,通过类型化的摘要、计划和策略包形式化层间信息流;(2) 权限流形约束,根据各层的时间范围限制其决策空间;(3) 仲裁解析约束,保证多层决策的无冲突组合。实验证明,CTHA在大规模复杂任务执行中表现优异,相较无约束分层基线,失败级联降低47%,样本效率提升2.3倍,且具备更优可扩展性。我们预计,作为时间层次结构的原理性延伸,CTHA将推动对多智能体协调的深入理解,并为鲁棒自主系统的发展提供新方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recently, multi-time-scale agent architectures have extended the ubiquitous single-loop paradigm by introducing temporal hierarchies with distinct cognitive layers. While yielding substantial performance gains, this diversification fundamentally compromises the coordination stability intrinsic to unified agent systems, which causes severe inter-layer conflicts, unbounded error propagation, and restricted scalability. To address these challenges, we propose Constrained Temporal Hierarchical Architecture (CTHA), a general framework that projects the inter-layer communication space onto structured manifolds to restore coordination stability, while incorporating principled arbitration mechanisms to ensure coherent decision-making. Specifically, CTHA enforces three key constraints: (1) Message Contract Constraints that formalize information flow between layers via typed summary, plan, and policy packets; (2) Authority Manifold Constraints that bound each layer's decision space according to its temporal scope; and (3) Arbiter Resolution Constraints that guarantee conflict-free composition of multi-layer decisions. Empirical experiments demonstrate that CTHA is effective for complex task execution at scale, offering 47% reduction in failure cascades, 2.3x improvement in sample efficiency, and superior scalability compared to unconstrained hierarchical baselines. We anticipate that CTHA, as a principled extension of temporal hierarchies, will contribute to a deeper understanding of multi-agent coordination and suggest promising directions for the evolution of robust autonomous systems.
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