开放机器人创新虽促进步，但也加剧军事滥用风险，亟需建立行业自律规范。
Is open robotics innovation a threat to international peace and security?
- 提出四条路径：责任教育、风险评估激励、高危材料管控、设定红线
- 强调当前机器人领域缺乏专门监管，存在被军用或恶意使用的隐患
- 适合政策制定者、科研伦理委员会及负责任研发人员参考
开放获取出版物、软件与硬件是机器人领域发展的核心，有助于降低准入门槛、推动可复现研究并加速可靠系统开发。然而，这种开放性也放大了机器人研究与创新固有的双重用途风险，使国家和非国家行为体更容易开发与部署用于军事目的或有害用途的机器人系统。相较于其他工程领域（如大规模杀伤性武器相关技术）以及人工智能领域，机器人领域目前尚无专门的规范指导。尽管其他领域可提供借鉴，但机器人自身具有独特需求与特性，必须独立应对。因此，机器人界应制定专属的负责任研发指引，甚至可能需要立法监管。为此，本文提出一条包含四项实践的路线图：a) 责任机器人教育；b) 激励风险评估；c) 管控高风险内容传播；d) 明确不可逾越的红线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Open access to publication, software and hardware is central to robotics: it lowers barriers to entry, supports reproducible science and accelerates reliable system development. However, openness also exacerbates the inherent dual-use risks associated with research and innovation in robotics. It lowers barriers for states and non-state actors to develop and deploy robotics systems for military use and harmful purposes. Compared to other fields of engineering where dual-use risks are present - e.g., those that underlie the development of weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons) and even the field of AI, robotics offers no specific regulation and little guidance as to how research and innovation may be conducted and disseminated responsibly. While other fields can be used for guidance, robotics has its own needs and specificities which have to be taken into account. The robotics community should therefore work toward its own set of sector-specific guidance and possibly regulation. To that end, we propose a roadmap focusing on four practices: a) education in responsible robotics; b) incentivizing risk assessment; c) moderating the diffusion of high-risk material; and d) developing red lines.
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