发光触觉执行器：光能直接变力，兼具照明与触感反馈。
Haptic Light-Emitting Diodes: Miniature, Luminous Tactile Actuators
- 光脉冲加热微型碳膜，气压变化推动膜片产生机械力。
- 毫米级器件在低电压下输出超0.4牛顿力，位移达0.9毫米。
- 适合可穿戴设备、人机交互等需光与触觉一体的场景。
我们提出触觉发光二极管（HLED），一种将脉冲光直接转化为机械力与位移的发光热致气动执行器。每个器件将微型表面贴装LED封装于含气腔中，腔内置有低惯性石墨光吸收体，腔体由弹性膜密封作为工作膜片。短暂光脉冲加热吸收体，导致气体迅速升温增压，从而在膜片上产生力与位移。毫米级HLED在低电压下可实现超过0.4 N的力输出和0.9 mm的位移，响应时间5至100毫秒，适用于人机交互中的触觉反馈。特别之处在于，该执行器同时具备发光功能，部分光能可穿透膜片。此类光电机械执行器在触觉显示、人机工程、可穿戴计算等领域具有广泛应用前景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present Haptic Light-Emitting Diodes (HLEDs), luminous thermopneumatic actuators that directly convert pulsed light into mechanical forces and displacements. Each device packages a miniature surface-mount LED in a gas-filled cavity that contains a low-inertia graphite photoabsorber. The cavity is sealed by an elastic membrane, which functions as a working diaphragm. Brief optical pulses heat the photoabsorber, which heats the gas. The resulting rapid pressure increases generate forces and displacements at the working diaphragm. Millimeter-scale HLEDs produce forces exceeding 0.4 N and displacements of 0.9 mm at low voltages, with 5 to 100 ms response times, making them attractive as actuators providing tactile feedback in human-machine interfaces. Unusually, these actuators are also light-emitting, as a fraction of optical energy is transmitted through the membrane. These photomechanical actuators have many potential applications in tactile displays, human interface engineering, wearable computing, and other areas.
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