arXiv:2601.11100cs.AI2026-01ACL被引 22

让大模型自动学习经验,自我优化生成更高效的领域智能体。

ReCreate: Reasoning and Creating Domain Agents Driven by Experience

  • 用交互历史做训练信号,让智能体边运行边改进
  • 从零开始自动生成的智能体性能超过人工设计
  • 适合想快速构建领域智能体的研究者和开发者

大型语言模型智能体正在重塑产业格局。然而,由于任务差异大,多数实用智能体仍依赖人工设计,开发成本高。核心问题在于:能否在真实场景中自动创建并适应领域智能体?现有自动化方法多将生成视为黑箱,仅以最终表现指导,忽略成败原因,且计算开销大。为此,我们提出ReCreate——一种基于经验驱动的领域智能体自动生成框架。该框架系统性利用智能体交互历史,提供成功或失败的根本原因与改进路径。关键创新包括:(i) 经验存储与检索机制,支持按需分析;(ii) 推理-生成协同流水线,将执行经验转化为结构化修改;(iii) 分层更新策略,将实例细节抽象为可复用的领域模式。在多个领域的实验中,ReCreate始终优于人工设计的智能体及现有自动化方法,即使从极简初始模板出发也能持续优化。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Model agents are reshaping the industrial landscape. However, most practical agents remain human-designed because tasks differ widely, making them labor-intensive to build. This situation poses a central question: can we automatically create and adapt domain agents in the wild? While several recent approaches have sought to automate agent creation, they typically treat agent generation as a black-box procedure and rely solely on final performance metrics to guide the process. Such strategies overlook critical evidence explaining why an agent succeeds or fails, and often require high computational costs. To address these limitations, we propose ReCreate, an experience-driven framework for the automatic creation of domain agents. ReCreate systematically leverages agent interaction histories, which provide rich concrete signals on both the causes of success or failure and the avenues for improvement. Specifically, we introduce an agent-as-optimizer paradigm that effectively learns from experience via three key components: (i) an experience storage and retrieval mechanism for on-demand inspection; (ii) a reasoning-creating synergy pipeline that maps execution experience into scaffold edits; and (iii) hierarchical updates that abstract instance-level details into reusable domain patterns. In experiments across diverse domains, ReCreate consistently outperforms human-designed agents and existing automated agent generation methods, even when starting from minimal seed scaffolds.

智能体自动化经验学习大模型

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