HALO让大模型在不稳定的边缘网络中高效分布式推理,提升速度3.41倍。
HALO: Semantic-Aware Distributed LLM Inference in Lossy Edge Network
- 按语义重要性分配神经元组,低重要部分放不稳设备
- 实验显示在不可靠网络下端到端提速3.41倍
- 适合资源异构、网络不稳的边缘部署场景
大语言模型(LLMs)在边缘部署可提升响应速度并保护用户隐私,但单个边缘节点资源受限。分布式推理通过聚合多设备算力解决此问题,但现有方法通常需严格同步,难以适应不可靠网络。本文提出HALO框架,通过在不稳定设备上部署非关键神经元组,实现宽松但高效的同步机制,避免因丢包延迟等待。其核心包括:(1)语义感知预测器,在激活前评估神经元组重要性;(2)神经元组加载的并行执行方案;(3)异构资源设备间的负载均衡调度器。基于树莓派集群的实验表明,HALO在不可靠网络下对LLaMA系列模型实现3.41倍的端到端加速,性能接近理想条件,显著优于当前最优方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The deployment of large language models' (LLMs) inference at the edge can facilitate prompt service responsiveness while protecting user privacy. However, it is critically challenged by the resource constraints of a single edge node. Distributed inference has emerged to aggregate and leverage computational resources across multiple devices. Yet, existing methods typically require strict synchronization, which is often infeasible due to the unreliable network conditions. In this paper, we propose HALO, a novel framework that can boost the distributed LLM inference in lossy edge network. The core idea is to enable a relaxed yet effective synchronization by strategically allocating less critical neuron groups to unstable devices, thus avoiding the excessive waiting time incurred by delayed packets. HALO introduces three key mechanisms: (1) a semantic-aware predictor to assess the significance of neuron groups prior to activation. (2) a parallel execution scheme of neuron group loading during the model inference. (3) a load-balancing scheduler that efficiently orchestrates multiple devices with heterogeneous resources. Experimental results from a Raspberry Pi cluster demonstrate that HALO achieves a 3.41x end-to-end speedup for LLaMA-series LLMs under unreliable network conditions. It maintains performance comparable to optimal conditions and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in various scenarios.
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