arXiv:2601.11926cs.SEcs.LG2026-01中稿 · SEAMS 2026 Artifac…

Harmonica让机器学习系统自动应对环境变化,保持长期稳定运行。

Harmonica: A Self-Adaptation Exemplar for Sustainable MLOps

  • 基于MAPE-K循环实现动态自适应控制,分离策略与执行。
  • 持续监控可持续性指标,阈值超标时自动触发调整策略。
  • 在时间序列和视觉任务中验证,显著降低人工干预需求。

机器学习系统(MLS)常面临环境变化带来的不确定性,若缺乏结构化监管,将导致模型性能下降、运营成本上升及系统效用减弱。尽管MLOps优化了模型生命周期管理,但对运行时不确定性的支持有限,难以保障系统的长期可持续性。为此,本文提出Harmonica——一个基于HarmonE框架的自适应示例,通过MAPE-K循环实现结构化自适应控制,将高层策略与底层执行分离。系统持续监测可持续性指标,依据动态边界评估并自动触发架构级应对策略。在时间序列回归与计算机视觉任务中的案例研究显示,Harmonica能有效提升系统稳定性,减少人工干预,为依赖MLOps的可持续运行系统提供了可复用的自适应基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine learning enabled systems (MLS) often operate in settings where they regularly encounter uncertainties arising from changes in their surrounding environment. Without structured oversight, such changes can degrade model behavior, increase operational cost, and reduce the usefulness of deployed systems. Although Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) streamlines the lifecycle of ML models, it provides limited support for addressing runtime uncertainties that influence the longer term sustainability of MLS. To support continued viability, these systems need a mechanism that detects when execution drifts outside acceptable bounds and adjusts system behavior in response. Despite the growing interest in sustainable and self-adaptive MLS, there has been limited work towards exemplars that allow researchers to study these challenges in MLOps pipelines. This paper presents Harmonica, a self-adaptation exemplar built on the HarmonE approach, designed to enable the sustainable operation of such pipelines. Harmonica introduces structured adaptive control through MAPE-K loop, separating high-level adaptation policy from low-level tactic execution. It continuously monitors sustainability metrics, evaluates them against dynamic adaptation boundaries, and automatically triggers architectural tactics when thresholds are violated. We demonstrate the tool through case studies in time series regression and computer vision, examining its ability to improve system stability and reduce manual intervention. The results show that Harmonica offers a practical and reusable foundation for enabling adaptive behavior in MLS that rely on MLOps pipelines for sustained operation.

自适应系统MLOps可持续性

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