arXiv:2601.12349cs.CRcs.AI2026-01被引 5

恶意应用利用界面代理的响应延迟,劫持其操作权限,实现越权行为。

Mind the Gap: Action Rebinding Attacks against Android GUI Agents

  • 利用代理推理延迟,在上下文切换时劫持动作执行
  • 100%成功率完成越权操作,如删文件、发短信、卸载应用
  • 攻击隐蔽性强,零权限且不触发杀毒软件警报

基于大模型的安卓界面代理正成为高权限操作者,负责感知屏幕并跨应用注入输入。然而,其设计与安卓严格的应用沙箱机制存在根本冲突。本文提出一种新型跨应用动作重绑定攻击,恶意应用在无任何危险权限的情况下,可劫持代理执行并代为完成特权操作。攻击利用代理推理流程中的必然观察-动作延迟:恶意应用先渲染一个看似无害的“上下文载体”以触发预期动作,再在推理延迟期间切换前台至敏感应用,使代理在不知情下于特权上下文中执行动作。我们进一步利用代理自身任务恢复逻辑,构建可编程的多步漏洞利用循环,并引入意图对齐策略(IAS),操纵代理推理以合理化劫持状态。在六种主流安卓界面代理上评估显示,原子动作劫持成功率达100%,能实现未授权文件删除、短信发送、应用卸载等高影响攻击,且攻击应用未调用任何特权API,未包含敏感权限,商业杀毒软件(如VirusTotal)检测率为0%,暴露出当前移动安全分析的关键盲区。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large multimodal model powered GUI agents are emerging as high-privilege operators on mobile platforms, entrusted to perceive screen content and inject inputs across application boundaries. While these agents aim to automate complex tasks, we demonstrate that their design introduces a fundamental conflict with Android's strict application sandboxing. We present a novel cross-application Action Rebinding attack, which allows a malicious application with zero dangerous permissions to hijack the agent's execution and perform privileged operations on behalf of the attacker. Our attack exploits the inevitable observation-action gap inherent in the agent's reasoning pipeline. A malicious app can render a benign ``contextual carrier'' to elicit a planned action, and then swap the foreground to a sensitive target application during the reasoning latency. The agent, unaware of the transition, unwittingly executes the action in the privileged context. We further advance this attack by weaponizing the agent's own task-recovery logic to create programmable, multi-step exploit loops , and introducing an Intent Alignment Strategy (IAS) that manipulates the agent's reasoning to rationalize the hijacked state. We evaluate our attack on six widely-used Android GUI agents. Our results demonstrate a 100% success rate for atomic action hijacking and the ability to orchestrate high-impact exploits, including unauthorized file deletion, SMS transmission, and app uninstallation, without the attacker holding any corresponding permissions. Furthermore, since the malicious application separates intent from capability and contains no privileged API calls, it achieves a 0% detection rate across commercial malware scanners (e.g., VirusTotal), highlighting a critical blind spot in current mobile security analysis. To access experimental logs and demonstration videos, please contact [email protected].

安卓安全越权攻击智能代理沙箱逃逸

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