arXiv:2601.12375cs.NIcs.LG2026-01

用类量子状态空间网络实现6G实时预测,速度更快、体积更小。

LiQSS: Post-Transformer Linear Quantum-Inspired State-Space Tensor Networks for Real-Time 6G

  • 用张量网络替代自注意力,实现线性时间序列建模
  • 参数量减少155倍,推理速度提升2.74倍,精度不降
  • 适合需要低延迟的6G无线控制场景

6G开放无线接入网(O-RAN)中的主动与自主控制需在严苛的近实时(Near-RT)延迟与计算约束下完成控制级预测。尽管基于Transformer的模型在序列建模中表现良好,但其二次复杂度限制了在近实时无线智能控制器(RIC)分析中的可扩展性。本文探索一种后Transformer设计范式,用于高效无线遥测预测。提出一种类量子多体状态空间张量网络,以稳定结构化状态空间动态核替代自注意力机制,实现线性时间序列建模。采用张量列车(TT)/矩阵乘积态(MPS)形式的张量网络分解,在输入投影和预测头中降低参数量与数据移动开销;轻量级通道门控与混合层捕捉非平稳跨关键性能指标(KPI)依赖关系。所提模型作为自主感知-预测xApp实例,在包含13个KPI、共59,441个滑动窗口的定制化O-RAN KPI时序数据集上评估,以参考信号接收功率(RSRP)预测为例。LiQSS模型相比先前结构化状态空间基线缩小10.8–15.8倍,速度提升约1.4倍;相较Transformer模型,参数量最多减少155倍,推理速度最快提升2.74倍,且预测精度未下降。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Proactive and agentic control in Sixth-Generation (6G) Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) requires control-grade prediction under stringent Near-Real-Time (Near-RT) latency and computational constraints. While Transformer-based models are effective for sequence modeling, their quadratic complexity limits scalability in Near-RT RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) analytics. This paper investigates a post-Transformer design paradigm for efficient radio telemetry forecasting. We propose a quantum-inspired many-body state-space tensor network that replaces self-attention with stable structured state-space dynamics kernels, enabling linear-time sequence modeling. Tensor-network factorizations in the form of Tensor Train (TT) / Matrix Product State (MPS) representations are employed to reduce parameterization and data movement in both input projections and prediction heads, while lightweight channel gating and mixing layers capture non-stationary cross-Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dependencies. The proposed model is instantiated as an agentic perceive-predict xApp and evaluated on a bespoke O-RAN KPI time-series dataset comprising 59,441 sliding windows across 13 KPIs, using Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) forecasting as a representative use case. Our proposed Linear Quantum-Inspired State-Space (LiQSS) model is 10.8x-15.8x smaller and approximately 1.4x faster than prior structured state-space baselines. Relative to Transformer-based models, LiQSS achieves up to a 155x reduction in parameter count and up to 2.74x faster inference, without sacrificing forecasting accuracy.

6G状态空间张量网络实时预测

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