arXiv:2601.12804cs.AIcs.LG2026-01AAAI被引 2

提升概念模型的空间可解释性,让推理更贴近图像实际区域。

SL-CBM: Enhancing Concept Bottleneck Models with Semantic Locality for Better Interpretability

  • 引入空间一致性注意力机制,强制概念与图像区域对齐。
  • 在多个数据集上显著提升定位准确性和解释质量。
  • 适合需要透明决策过程的医疗、金融等高风险领域。

可解释人工智能(XAI)对构建透明可信的机器学习系统至关重要,尤其在高风险领域。概念瓶颈模型(CBMs)作为一种前瞻性方法,通过显式建模人类可理解的概念,提供概念级解释。然而,现有CBMs常因局部性忠实度差,无法将概念与有意义的图像区域空间对齐,限制了其可解释性和可靠性。本文提出SL-CBM(带语义局部性的CBM),通过在概念和类别层面生成空间一致的显著图,增强局部性忠实度。SL-CBM结合1×1卷积层与交叉注意力机制,强化概念、图像区域与最终预测之间的对齐。相比以往方法,其显著图天然关联模型内部推理过程,更利于调试与干预。大量实验表明,SL-CBM在多个图像数据集上显著提升局部忠实度、解释质量和干预效果,同时保持竞争力的分类准确率。消融研究揭示对比正则化与熵正则化对平衡准确率、稀疏性与忠实度的重要性。总体而言,SL-CBM弥合了概念推理与空间可解释性之间的差距,为可解释、可信的概念模型树立新标准。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Explainable AI (XAI) is crucial for building transparent and trustworthy machine learning systems, especially in high-stakes domains. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have emerged as a promising ante-hoc approach that provides interpretable, concept-level explanations by explicitly modeling human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBMs often suffer from poor locality faithfulness, failing to spatially align concepts with meaningful image regions, which limits their interpretability and reliability. In this work, we propose SL-CBM (CBM with Semantic Locality), a novel extension that enforces locality faithfulness by generating spatially coherent saliency maps at both concept and class levels. SL-CBM integrates a 1x1 convolutional layer with a cross-attention mechanism to enhance alignment between concepts, image regions, and final predictions. Unlike prior methods, SL-CBM produces faithful saliency maps inherently tied to the model's internal reasoning, facilitating more effective debugging and intervention. Extensive experiments on image datasets demonstrate that SL-CBM substantially improves locality faithfulness, explanation quality, and intervention efficacy while maintaining competitive classification accuracy. Our ablation studies highlight the importance of contrastive and entropy-based regularization for balancing accuracy, sparsity, and faithfulness. Overall, SL-CBM bridges the gap between concept-based reasoning and spatial explainability, setting a new standard for interpretable and trustworthy concept-based models.

可解释AI概念模型空间对齐

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