用未来未发生事实构建无污染评估数据,让大模型考核更真实。
Beyond Known Facts: Generating Unseen Temporal Knowledge to Address Data Contamination in LLM Evaluation
- 基于未来时间事实生成合成数据,避免训练与测试集重叠
- 在4.2K条未来事实上,大模型表现显著下降,暴露性能虚高问题
- 适合做时序知识抽取评估的科研人员长期使用
自动信息提取对构建大型网络知识库(如Wikidata)至关重要。时序知识图谱抽取(TKGE)旨在从文本中提取带有时间戳的语义四元组(主体,关系,客体,时间)。近年来许多系统依赖大语言模型(LLMs),但现有训练与评估数据稀缺,且评估数据存在污染问题——因训练集与测试集重叠,可能夸大模型表现。为解决此问题,我们提出一种新型合成评估数据集,基于预测的未来、此前未见的时间事实构建,彻底消除数据污染,实现可靠无偏的基准测试。数据生成分两步:(1) 时序知识图谱预测(TKGF)生成合理未来四元组,并按原始知识库模式过滤;(2) 利用LLM将四元组转换为语义一致的文本描述。我们在EDC框架上进行评估,发现模型在新数据集上的表现明显低于已知事实数据集。我们公开发布包含4.2K个未来四元组及其对应文本描述的数据集及生成方法,支持持续生成无限未来时序数据,作为长期无污染的TKGE评估基准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The automatic extraction of information is important for populating large web knowledge bases such as Wikidata. The temporal version of that task, temporal knowledge graph extraction (TKGE), involves extracting temporally grounded facts from text, represented as semantic quadruples (subject, relation, object, timestamp). Many recent systems take advantage of large language models (LLMs), which are becoming a new cornerstone of the web due to their performance on many tasks across the natural language processing (NLP) field. Despite the importance of TKGE, existing datasets for training and evaluation remain scarce, and contamination of evaluation data is an unaddressed issue, potentially inflating LLMs' perceived performance due to overlaps between training and evaluation sets. To mitigate these challenges, we propose a novel synthetic evaluation dataset constructed from predicted future, previously unseen temporal facts, thereby eliminating contamination and enabling robust and unbiased benchmarking. Our dataset creation involves a two-step approach: (1) Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (TKGF) generates plausible future quadruples, which are subsequently filtered to adhere to the original knowledge base schema; (2) LLMs perform quadruple-to-text generation, creating semantically aligned textual descriptions. We benchmark Extract, Define and Canonicalize (EDC), a state-of-the-art LLM-based extraction framework, demonstrating that LLM performance decreases when evaluated on our dataset compared to a dataset of known facts. We publicly release our dataset consisting of 4.2K future quadruples and corresponding textual descriptions, along with the generation methodology, enabling continuous creation of unlimited future temporal datasets to serve as long-term, contamination-free benchmarks for TKGE.
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