arXiv:2601.14532cs.LG2026-01

让大模型自己决定如何改进自身,实现自动调优。

Search over Self-Edit Strategies for LLM Adaptation

  • 用自生成模板替代人工设定,让模型自主选择训练数据和参数
  • 带记忆库的版本接近人工最优策略,但未超越
  • 发现简单记忆会加速同质化,需额外激励创新

许多基于大模型的开放性搜索系统在测试时冻结基础模型以提出改进方案,这可能限制长期进展。近期工作尝试在测试时更新提案模型,但更新策略仍依赖人工设计。本文研究大模型能否利用任务反馈自主决定权重更新方式。为简化问题,聚焦单轮自改进,并将更新操作限定为自监督下一个词预测(NTP),允许模型自由选择训练数据和关键NTP超参数。以SEAL框架为测试平台,放松其固定人工模板约束,允许模型自动生成自编辑模板,从而提升对训练数据与超参数的控制力。对比两种变体:是否基于轻量级历史模板档案进行条件生成。在SQuAD数据集上使用Qwen3-8B进行单段知识融合实验中,无档案版本表现相当于较弱的“Implications”基线,而带档案版本优于“Implications”,接近最强的人工设计“Rewrite”基线但未超越。进一步分析显示,朴素档案虽提供短期鲁棒性,但会加速模型探索趋同,提示需显式引入新颖性压力才能持续超越精心优化的人工策略。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Many LLM-based open-ended search systems freeze the foundation model that proposes improvements to existing solutions, which may bottleneck long-run progress. Recent work has explored updating the proposal model at test time [arXiv:2511.23473], but the update strategy is still typically hand-specified. Therefore, this study investigated whether an LLM can use task feedback to decide how it should update its weights. For tractability, we focused on the simpler case where there is only one round of self-improvement, and restricted the update operator to self-supervised next token prediction (NTP), leaving the model freedom in choosing its training data and key NTP hyperparameters. Using the Self-Adapting Language Models (SEAL) [arXiv:2506.10943] framework as a testbed, we relaxed its fixed human template constraint and allowed the model to generate its own self-edit templates, thereby giving it more control over its training data and hyperparameters. Two variants were studied, differing in whether template generation was conditioned on a lightweight archive of past templates. In SEAL's Single-Passage Knowledge Incorporation setting with Qwen3-8B on SQuAD [arXiv:1606.05250], the no-archive variant performed comparably to the weaker "Implications" baseline, while the archive variant outperformed "Implications" and approached the strongest human-designed "Rewrite" baseline without surpassing it. Further analysis of collapse in the model's exploration revealed that a naive archive can confer some short-term robustness but can also accelerate homogenization, suggesting that explicit novelty pressure may be required to consistently advance beyond carefully optimized human strategies. Our code is available at https://github.com/cheongalc/search-self-edit-strategies .

自适应大模型优化策略

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