arXiv:2601.15312cs.GTcs.AI2026-01

研究发现,人们对机器代决策的公平性期待与人类不同。

Do people expect different behavior from large language models acting on their behalf? Evidence from norm elicitations in two canonical economic games

  • 用经济博弈实验测试人类对机器代决策的公平感
  • 机器提的分配方案被认为更不恰当,但拒绝机器方案更合理
  • 机器拒绝也和人类一样被接受,适合关注人机互动的研究者

尽管将任务委托给大型语言模型(LLMs)可节省时间,但越来越多证据表明,将任务交由此类模型会带来社会成本。我们通过两个经典经济博弈研究人们在决策由LLM代为执行时是否产生不同的期望。具体考察了当LLM代表我们分配资源(独裁者游戏、最后通牒游戏)以及监控资源分配公平性(最后通牒游戏)时,行为的社会适宜性变化。采用Krupka-Weber规范诱出任务检测社会适宜性评分的变化。两项预先注册且有激励的实验使用英国和美国代表性样本(共2,658人),得出三个关键发现:第一,当无需接受时,机器提出的分配方案被认为比人类提出的更不适当,尽管中位反应未变;第二,当需要接受时,拒绝机器提出的方案比拒绝人类提出的更合理;第三,收到机器的拒绝与收到人类的拒绝同样具有社会合理性。总体而言,这些结果表明人们对机器做出资源分配决策适用不同规范,但并不反对机器执行规范。研究结果支持当前认为机器提出的分配既具认知又具情感成分的观点。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While delegating tasks to large language models (LLMs) can save people time, there is growing evidence that offloading tasks to such models produces social costs. We use behavior in two canonical economic games to study whether people have different expectations when decisions are made by LLMs acting on their behalf instead of themselves. More specifically, we study the social appropriateness of a spectrum of possible behaviors: when LLMs divide resources on our behalf (Dictator Game and Ultimatum Game) and when they monitor the fairness of splits of resources (Ultimatum Game). We use the Krupka-Weber norm elicitation task to detect shifts in social appropriateness ratings. Results of two pre-registered and incentivized experimental studies using representative samples from the UK and US (N = 2,658) show three key findings. First, people find that offers from machines - when no acceptance is necessary - are judged to be less appropriate than when they come from humans, although there is no shift in the modal response. Second - when acceptance is necessary - it is more appropriate for a person to reject offers from machines than from humans. Third, receiving a rejection of an offer from a machine is no less socially appropriate than receiving the same rejection from a human. Overall, these results suggest that people apply different norms for machines deciding on how to split resources but are not opposed to machines enforcing the norms. The findings are consistent with offers made by machines now being viewed as having both a cognitive and emotional component.

人机交互经济博弈公平性大模型

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。