将量子互补性视为认知能力,探索人类在不确定性中的决策机制。
Beyond the Einstein-Bohr Debate: Cognitive Complementarity and the Emergence of Quantum Intuition
- 提出认知互补性:在非经典不确定性下,多重表征不可同时优化。
- 定义量子直觉为可测试的认知能力,支持多视角共存与情境化调节。
- 连接量子测量理论与认知科学,为不确定性决策提供实证研究路径。
近期高精度实验确认了量子互补性,重新激活了关于测量、描述与实在性的基础争论。本文认为,互补性应被理解为一种认识论原则——限制可同时获取与表征的内容,而非关于量子实在的本体论主张。从这一视角重审爱因斯坦-玻尔之争,揭示出描述完备性与语境意义之间持久张力,实验虽澄清却未消解此矛盾。在此基础上,我们引入认知互补性作为非经典不确定性下推理的结构原则,即相互制约的表征无法共同优化。在此框架中,提出量子直觉作为一种可验证的认知能力:维持表征多样性、调节承诺时机、以情境敏感方式解决视角不相容问题。该概念作为基于共享信息约束的自然主义建构,为量子测量理论与认知科学之间提供原则性桥梁。本文重构历史争论,将量子基础的认识论启示延伸至认知科学,并勾勒出研究不可约不确定性下决策行为的实证路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent high-precision experimental confirmations of quantum complementarity have revitalized foundational debates about measurement, description, and realism. This article argues that complementarity is most productively interpreted as an epistemic principle--constraining what can be simultaneously accessed and represented--rather than as an ontological claim about quantum reality. Reexamining the Einstein-Bohr debate through this lens reveals a persistent tension between descriptive completeness and contextual meaning, a tension experiments clarify but do not dissolve. Building on this analysis, we introduce cognitive complementarity as a structural principle governing reasoning under non-classical uncertainty, where mutually constraining representations cannot be jointly optimized. Within this framework, we propose quantum intuition as a testable cognitive capacity: the ability to sustain representational plurality, regulate commitment timing, and resolve perspective-incompatibilities in a context-sensitive manner. Formulated as a naturalistic construct grounded in shared informational constraints, quantum intuition offers a principled bridge between quantum measurement theory and cognition. This work reframes the historical debate, extends epistemic lessons from quantum foundations into cognitive science, and outlines empirical pathways for studying decision-making in contexts of irreducible uncertainty.
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