提出通用对称稳定子解码框架,解决量子纠错中标签歧义问题。
USDs: A universal stabilizer decoder framework using symmetry
- 基于对称性重构解码器,统一处理各类稳定子码的标签歧义。
- 在颜色码上实现5%物理错误率下0.8%准确率提升,戈莱码提升0.1%。
- 适用于需高精度解码的量子计算系统,尤其适合深度学习部署场景。
量子纠错是实现可靠量子计算的关键。当量子信息通过冗余编码时,利用多个物理比特构建更大的希尔伯特空间,并在指定子空间内执行计算。将深度学习应用于量子纠错码解码时,主要挑战在于:解码器接收的测量校验子与对应错误模式之间存在非唯一性,导致真实标签不明确。本文在先前针对环形码通过重优化解码器以适应奇偶校验结构对称性的基础上,将其推广至任意稳定子码。实验中,我们使用多层感知机逼近颜色码和戈莱码的连续函数,以补充校验子信息,并对两种码分别进行了解码器重优化。对于颜色码,在5%物理错误率下解码准确率提升约0.8%;戈莱码则提升约0.1%。通过对两种码在连续函数逼近中的几何与代数结构分析,表明广义连续函数设计有助于学习码本身的几何特性。结果还显示,忠实再现码结构的近似方法能显著提升重优化效果。本研究证明,此前在环形码上有效的重优化技术可推广至应对稳定子码深度学习解码中的标签退化问题。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum error correction is indispensable to achieving reliable quantum computation. When quantum information is encoded redundantly, a larger Hilbert space is constructed using multiple physical qubits, and the computation is performed within a designated subspace. When applying deep learning to the decoding of quantum error-correcting codes, a key challenge arises from the non-uniqueness between the syndrome measurements provided to the decoder and the corresponding error patterns that constitute the ground-truth labels. Building upon prior work that addressed this issue for the toric code by re-optimizing the decoder with respect to the symmetry inherent in the parity-check structure, we generalize this approach to arbitrary stabilizer codes. In our experiments, we employed multilayer perceptrons to approximate continuous functions that complement the syndrome measurements of the Color code and the Golay code. Using these models, we performed decoder re-optimization for each code. For the Color code, we achieved an improvement of approximately 0.8% in decoding accuracy at a physical error rate of 5%, while for the Golay code the accuracy increased by about 0.1%. Furthermore, from the evaluation of the geometric and algebraic structures in the continuous function approximation for each code, we showed that the design of generalized continuous functions is advantageous for learning the geometric structure inherent in the code. Our results also indicate that approximations that faithfully reproduce the code structure can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of reoptimization. This study demonstrates that the re-optimization technique previously shown to be effective for the Toric code can be generalized to address the challenge of label degeneracy that arises when applying deep learning to the decoding of stabilizer codes.
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