arXiv:2601.15498cs.LG2026-01ACL被引 5

通过感知模型置信度,让大模型推理更高效且不丢质量

MARS: Unleashing the Power of Speculative Decoding via Margin-Aware Verification

  • 根据目标模型输出的置信度动态调整验证策略,避免盲目拒绝候选词
  • 在8B到235B模型上均实现显著加速,最高提速超1.5倍
  • 无需训练、兼容现有框架,适合追求推理效率的研究与工程人员

推测解码(Speculative Decoding, SD)通过解耦生成与验证阶段加速自回归大语言模型(LLM)推理。尽管近期方法通过紧耦合草案生成器提升了草案质量,但验证机制仍依赖严格的逐令牌拒绝采样。实际上,现代LLM常处于低置信度区域,目标模型对前几候选词偏好不明显。此时拒绝合理备选词带来的信息增益极小,却带来高昂回滚代价,造成验证环节的根本性低效。本文提出边际感知推测验证(Margin-Aware Speculative Verification),一种无需训练、领域无关的验证策略,能根据目标模型输出的局部决策稳定性动态调整验证规则。仅当严格验证收益极小时,才放宽拒绝标准。该方法仅修改验证规则,完全兼容现有目标耦合的推测解码框架。在8B至235B规模模型上的广泛实验表明,本方法持续显著超越现有最优基线,提升推理速度,同时保持生成质量在多个基准测试中一致。代码已开源:https://github.com/5SSjw/MARS。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Speculative Decoding (SD) accelerates autoregressive large language model (LLM) inference by decoupling generation and verification. While recent methods improve draft quality by tightly coupling the drafter with the target model, the verification mechanism itself remains largely unchanged, relying on strict token-level rejection sampling. In practice, modern LLMs frequently operate in low-margin regimes where the target model exhibits weak preference among top candidates. In such cases, rejecting plausible runner-up tokens yields negligible information gain while incurring substantial rollback cost, leading to a fundamental inefficiency in verification. We propose Margin-Aware Speculative Verification, a training-free and domain-agnostic verification strategy that adapts to the target model's local decisiveness. Our method conditions verification on decision stability measured directly from the target logits and relaxes rejection only when strict verification provides minimal benefit. Importantly, the approach modifies only the verification rule and is fully compatible with existing target-coupled speculative decoding frameworks. Extensive experiments across model scales ranging from 8B to 235B demonstrate that our method delivers consistent and significant inference speedups over state-of-the-art baselines while preserving generation quality across diverse benchmarks. The code is available at https://github.com/5SSjw/MARS.

推理加速大模型推测解码

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。