用六维结构模型计算小说角色重要性，揭示叙事中被忽视的对话关系。
Computational Representations of Character Significance in Novels
- 基于六成分理论构建角色表征，包含他人讨论等新维度
- 在19世纪英美现实主义小说上验证，可量化角色影响力与性别差异
- 适合文学研究者用计算方法分析角色网络与叙事结构
小说中的角色传统上依据其在情节场景中的出现频率建模，关注行动、提及和对话等特征，但往往过度强调出场最多的主角。本文采用一种新的文学理论提出的六成分角色结构模型，该模型兼顾叙述者与角色的区分，并引入了以往方法忽略的‘他人对角色的讨论’这一成分。我们比较通用大模型与特定任务的Transformer模型，在多部19世纪英国现实主义小说上实现该模型的计算化。方法生成角色的组件级与图结构表示，使我们能够以计算方式大规模探讨文学问题。具体而言，我们检验了沃尔赫（Woloch）经典的“一人对多人”角色中心性理论，以及角色讨论中的性别动态。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Characters in novels have typically been modeled based on their presence in scenes in narrative, considering aspects like their actions, named mentions, and dialogue. This conception of character places significant emphasis on the main character who is present in the most scenes. In this work, we instead adopt a framing developed from a new literary theory proposing a six-component structural model of character. This model enables a comprehensive approach to character that accounts for the narrator-character distinction and includes a component neglected by prior methods, discussion by other characters. We compare general-purpose LLMs with task-specific transformers for operationalizing this model of character on major 19th-century British realist novels. Our methods yield both component-level and graph representations of character discussion. We then demonstrate that these representations allow us to approach literary questions at scale from a new computational lens. Specifically, we explore Woloch's classic "the one vs the many" theory of character centrality and the gendered dynamics of character discussion.
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