arXiv:2601.16035cs.RO2026-01被引 7

让机器人在杂乱室内自主避障穿行,仅需一键操作即可实现。

Collision-Free Humanoid Traversal in Cluttered Indoor Scenes

  • 构建人形潜力场,将障碍物关系转化为安全运动方向。
  • 仿真到真实迁移几乎无误差,支持复杂场景通行。
  • 融合真实与生成场景,提升策略泛化能力,适合实机部署。

我们研究在杂乱室内环境中实现人形机器人无碰撞穿行的问题,如跨过地面散落的物体、低身通过障碍物下方或挤过狭窄通道。为达成目标,机器人需将对周围障碍物多样空间布局和几何形状的感知,映射为相应的通行技能。然而,缺乏有效表征来捕捉人形与障碍物间的避障关系,使直接学习此类映射变得困难。为此,我们提出人形潜力场(HumanoidPF),将这些关系编码为无碰撞运动方向,显著促进基于强化学习的通行技能学习。我们还发现,HumanoidPF作为感知表示,在仿真到真实迁移中表现出极小的差距。为进一步实现多样化且具有挑战性的杂乱室内场景中的通用通行技能,我们提出一种混合场景生成方法,结合真实3D室内场景裁剪与程序化合成障碍物。我们成功将策略迁移到真实世界,并开发了一个单击控制的远程操作系统,用户可一键指令机器人在杂乱室内穿行。大量仿真与真实世界实验验证了方法的有效性。演示视频与代码见:https://axian12138.github.io/CAT/。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We study the problem of collision-free humanoid traversal in cluttered indoor scenes, such as hurdling over objects scattered on the floor, crouching under low-hanging obstacles, or squeezing through narrow passages. To achieve this goal, the humanoid needs to map its perception of surrounding obstacles with diverse spatial layouts and geometries to the corresponding traversal skills. However, the lack of an effective representation that captures humanoid-obstacle relationships during collision avoidance makes directly learning such mappings difficult. We therefore propose Humanoid Potential Field (HumanoidPF), which encodes these relationships as collision-free motion directions, significantly facilitating RL-based traversal skill learning. We also find that HumanoidPF exhibits a surprisingly negligible sim-to-real gap as a perceptual representation. To further enable generalizable traversal skills through diverse and challenging cluttered indoor scenes, we further propose a hybrid scene generation method, incorporating crops of realistic 3D indoor scenes and procedurally synthesized obstacles. We successfully transfer our policy to the real world and develop a teleoperation system where users could command the humanoid to traverse in cluttered indoor scenes with just a single click. Extensive experiments are conducted in both simulation and the real world to validate the effectiveness of our method. Demos and code can be found in our website: https://axian12138.github.io/CAT/.

人形机器人避障强化学习仿真迁移

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