用图扩展策略提升艾滋病检测效率,实测可少测1/4人口多发现15%感染者。
Policy-Embedded Graph Expansion: Networked HIV Testing with Diffusion-Driven Network Samples
- 将图演化概率直接嵌入检测策略,避免复杂拓扑重建。
- 在真实传播网络上实现17.3%奖励提升,25%覆盖下多检出15.4%患者。
- 适合数据有限、依赖转介的公共卫生检测场景。
HIV是一种攻击人体免疫系统的逆转录病毒,若不及时治疗可能致命。我们与世卫组织及威特沃特斯兰德大学合作,研究如何通过智能化算法提升艾滋病检测效率,以支持联合国可持续发展目标3.3的实现。现有方法依赖不切实际的假设,本文针对逐步揭示的疾病传播网络,提出政策嵌入式图扩展(PEGE)框架,将图演化生成分布直接融入决策策略,无需显式重构拓扑结构。进一步提出基于扩散的动态分支模型(DDB),适用于数据稀缺且自然形成树状结构的真实转介场景。在真实艾滋病毒传播网络上的实验表明,联合方案(PEGE + DDB)显著优于基线方法:折扣奖励提升17.3%,在仅测试25%人群的情况下,检测出的感染者数量增加15.4%,并揭示了影响效果的关键权衡因素。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and can lead to death without proper treatment. In collaboration with the WHO and the University of Witwatersrand, we study how to improve the efficiency of HIV testing with the goal of eventual deployment, directly supporting progress toward UN Sustainable Development Goal 3.3. While prior work has demonstrated the promise of intelligent algorithms for sequential, network-based HIV testing, existing approaches rely on assumptions that are impractical in our real-world implementations. Here, we study sequential testing on incrementally revealed disease networks and introduce Policy-Embedded Graph Expansion (PEGE), a novel framework that directly embeds a generative distribution over graph expansions into the decision-making policy rather than attempting explicit topological reconstruction. We further propose Dynamics-Driven Branching (DDB), a diffusion-based graph expansion model that supports decision making in PEGE and is designed for data-limited settings where forest structures arise naturally, as in our real-world referral process. Experiments on real HIV transmission networks show that the combined approach (PEGE + DDB) consistently outperforms baselines (e.g., 17.3% improvement in discounted reward and 15.4% more HIV detections with 25% of the population tested) and explore key tradeoffs that drive solution quality.
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