arXiv:2601.16359eess.IVcs.AI2026-01AAAI

医学影像模型在真实部署中难以跨域泛化,本文提出融合专家知识的深度学习方法提升性能。

Experience with Single Domain Generalization in Real World Medical Imaging Deployments

论文配图:Experience with Single Domain Generalization in Real World Medical Imaging Deployments
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将专家知识融入深度学习模型,构建通用的DL+EKE框架解决单域泛化问题
  • 在糖尿病视网膜病变任务中,新方法优于现有最先进单域泛化技术
  • 在实际心电图和fMRI应用中验证了该方法的有效性,适用于医疗影像部署

任何已部署的人工智能理想特性是跨域泛化,即在特定成像条件下数据分布的变化。在医学影像应用中,最理想的部署特性是单域泛化(SDG),即仅在一个数据域上训练模型,以确保其在未见目标域上仍具备良好泛化能力。多中心研究中,扫描仪和成像协议差异引入域偏移,加剧了罕见类别的特征变异。本文通过两个典型医学影像案例——基于功能磁共振成像(fMRI)的癫痫发作起始区检测和基于应激心电图的冠状动脉检测,分享了在真实部署中实施单域泛化的经验。首先,以糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)为例,我们证明当前主流的SDG技术无法在不同数据域间实现稳定泛化。随后,我们开发了一种通用的专家知识融合深度学习方法DL+EKE,并将其应用于DR任务,结果显示其性能优于现有最先进方法。最后,我们将DL+EKE应用于上述两个真实世界场景,讨论了当前单域泛化技术在实际部署中面临的挑战。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A desirable property of any deployed artificial intelligence is generalization across domains, i.e. data generation distribution under a specific acquisition condition. In medical imagining applications the most coveted property for effective deployment is Single Domain Generalization (SDG), which addresses the challenge of training a model on a single domain to ensure it generalizes well to unseen target domains. In multi-center studies, differences in scanners and imaging protocols introduce domain shifts that exacerbate variability in rare class characteristics. This paper presents our experience on SDG in real life deployment for two exemplary medical imaging case studies on seizure onset zone detection using fMRI data, and stress electrocardiogram based coronary artery detection. Utilizing the commonly used application of diabetic retinopathy, we first demonstrate that state-of-the-art SDG techniques fail to achieve generalized performance across data domains. We then develop a generic expert knowledge integrated deep learning technique DL+EKE and instantiate it for the DR application and show that DL+EKE outperforms SOTA SDG methods on DR. We then deploy instances of DL+EKE technique on the two real world examples of stress ECG and resting state (rs)-fMRI and discuss issues faced with SDG techniques.

医学影像单域泛化深度学习专家知识

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