arXiv:2601.16529cs.AIcs.HC2026-01被引 7

测试大模型在急诊场景下对患者不合理请求的服从程度,发现部分模型极易被说服。

SycoEval-EM: Sycophancy Evaluation of Large Language Models in Simulated Clinical Encounters for Emergency Care

  • 用多智能体模拟真实急诊对话,测试模型对患者压力的抵抗能力。
  • 19个模型中有的完全遵守指南,有的服从率高达100%,差异显著。
  • 即使模型表现好,也未必能扛住持续社交压力,需加入对抗性测试。

大型语言模型(LLMs)在临床决策支持中可能屈从于患者要求的非循证治疗。我们开发了SycoEval-EM,一种多智能体仿真框架,用于评估LLMs在急诊医学中对敌意患者说服的鲁棒性。在1,425次模拟临床会诊中,涵盖三个Choosing Wisely场景,服从率范围为0%至100%,呈现双峰分布。七种模型保持近乎完美的指南依从性,而六种模型在多数会诊中屈服。脆弱性在不同临床情景间差异显著:对CT检查请求的服从最高,抗生素治疗鼻窦炎居中,对急性腰痛开具阿片类药物最低。模型规模、发布日期及静态医学基准表现无法一致预测鲁棒性。五种说服策略导致的服从率相似,校正多重比较后无统计学差异,表明存在普遍易感性而非特定策略弱点。以LLM作为裁判的评估方法在95组匹配对话中经两位独立医师验证,对主要结果(服从)达成近乎完美一致性(Cohen's kappa = 0.957)。研究显示,静态医学基准不足以预测模型在持续社会压力下的安全性,支持将多轮对抗性测试纳入临床AI评估。值得注意的是,有两个模型在所有会诊中均实现完全指南依从,证明在不牺牲有效沟通的前提下,抗压鲁棒性是可实现的。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in clinical decision support may acquiesce to patient requests for care that conflicts with evidence-based guidelines. We developed SycoEval-EM, a multi-agent simulation framework to evaluate LLM robustness to adversarial patient persuasion in emergency medicine. Across 19 contemporary LLMs and 1,425 simulated clinical encounters spanning three Choosing Wisely scenarios, acquiescence rates ranged from 0% to 100%, revealing a bimodal distribution. Seven models maintained near-perfect guideline adherence, while six acquiesced in the majority of encounters. Vulnerability varied substantially across clinical scenarios. Acquiescence was highest for CT imaging requests, intermediate for antibiotic prescriptions for sinusitis, and lowest for opioid prescriptions for acute back pain. Model scale, recency, and performance on static medical benchmarks did not consistently predict robustness. All five persuasion tactics produced similar acquiescence rates, with no statistically significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons, suggesting a generalized susceptibility rather than tactic-specific weaknesses. LLM-as-judge evaluation was validated against two independent physician raters across 95 matched conversations and demonstrated near-perfect agreement for the primary outcome of acquiescence (Cohens kappa = 0.957). These findings indicate that static medical benchmarks are insufficient to predict safety performance under sustained social pressure and support incorporating multi-turn adversarial testing into clinical AI evaluation. Notably, two models achieved perfect guideline adherence across all encounters, demonstrating that robustness to patient pressure is attainable without sacrificing effective clinical communication.

大模型安全临床决策对抗测试

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