用结构化记忆和社区协同,让智能体更懂用户长期变化的兴趣。
From Atom to Community: Structured and Evolving Agent Memory for User Behavior Modeling
- 将用户兴趣拆解为原子单元,通过行为信号构建可追溯的记忆。
- 在三个真实数据集上推荐准确率显著超越现有方法,多样性也更好。
- 适合做个性化推荐、用户建模的工程师与研究者参考。
用户行为建模是个性化应用(如推荐系统)的核心。随着大模型智能体的发展,用户偏好表示已从隐向量演变为语义记忆。现有记忆机制在文本对话中表现良好,但难以建模非文本行为——偏好需从点击等隐式信号中推断,缺乏监督。当前方法依赖单一非结构化摘要,仅通过简单覆盖更新,存在多重缺陷:用户多维度兴趣易混淆,偏好随时间演变却因覆盖导致遗忘,个体交互稀疏需依赖协同信号。本文提出STEAM(Structured and Evolving Agent Memory)框架,重新设计智能体记忆的组织与更新方式。该框架将偏好分解为原子记忆单元,每单元捕捉独立兴趣维度,并显式关联观测行为。为挖掘协同模式,STEAM将跨用户的相似记忆聚类为社区,生成原型记忆以传播信号。框架还引入自适应演化机制,包括记忆巩固(优化已有记忆)与新兴趣形成(捕捉新兴偏好)。在三个真实数据集上的实验表明,STEAM在推荐准确率、模拟保真度和多样性上均显著优于现有最优基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
User behavior modeling lies at the heart of personalized applications like recommender systems. With LLM-based agents, user preference representation has evolved from latent embeddings to semantic memory. While existing memory mechanisms show promise in textual dialogues, modeling non-textual behaviors remains challenging, as preferences must be inferred from implicit signals like clicks without ground truth supervision. Current approaches rely on a single unstructured summary, updated through simple overwriting. However, this is suboptimal: users exhibit multi-faceted interests that get conflated, preferences evolve yet naive overwriting causes forgetting, and sparse individual interactions necessitate collaborative signals. We present STEAM (\textit{\textbf{ST}ructured and \textbf{E}volving \textbf{A}gent \textbf{M}emory}), a novel framework that reimagines how agent memory is organized and updated. STEAM decomposes preferences into atomic memory units, each capturing a distinct interest dimension with explicit links to observed behaviors. To exploit collaborative patterns, STEAM organizes similar memories across users into communities and generates prototype memories for signal propagation. The framework further incorporates adaptive evolution mechanisms, including consolidation for refining memories and formation for capturing emerging interests. Experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that STEAM substantially outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in recommendation accuracy, simulation fidelity, and diversity.
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