arXiv:2601.17031cs.CVcs.AI2026-01

用隐式时空混合与仿真注入,小样本下精准分割脑膜瘤。

Data-Efficient Meningioma Segmentation via Implicit Spatiotemporal Mixing and Sim2Real Semantic Injection

  • 通过隐式神经表示建模形变场,线性混合生成真实解剖变异
  • 在有限标注下显著提升nnU-Net和U-Mamba的分割性能
  • 适合数据稀缺的医学图像分析场景,尤其擅长复杂病灶分割

医学图像分割的性能越来越取决于数据利用效率,而非单纯的数据量。对于脑膜瘤这类复杂病理,模型需充分挖掘少量高质量标注中的潜在信息。为最大化现有数据价值,我们提出一种双增强框架,融合空间流形扩展与语义对象注入。具体而言,利用隐式神经表示(INR)建模连续形变速率场,对整合的形变场进行线性混合,实现通过形变空间插值高效生成解剖合理的变化,从而从少量锚点中广泛探索结构多样性。此外,引入Sim2Real病灶注入模块,通过将病灶纹理移植至健康解剖背景,构建高保真仿真域,有效弥合合成增强与真实病理间的差距。在混合数据集上的全面实验表明,该框架显著提升了先进模型(包括nnU-Net和U-Mamba)的数据效率与鲁棒性,为有限标注预算下的高性能医学图像分析提供了有力方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The performance of medical image segmentation is increasingly defined by the efficiency of data utilization rather than merely the volume of raw data. Accurate segmentation, particularly for complex pathologies like meningiomas, demands that models fully exploit the latent information within limited high-quality annotations. To maximize the value of existing datasets, we propose a novel dual-augmentation framework that synergistically integrates spatial manifold expansion and semantic object injection. Specifically, we leverage Implicit Neural Representations (INR) to model continuous velocity fields. Unlike previous methods, we perform linear mixing on the integrated deformation fields, enabling the efficient generation of anatomically plausible variations by interpolating within the deformation space. This approach allows for the extensive exploration of structural diversity from a small set of anchors. Furthermore, we introduce a Sim2Real lesion injection module. This module constructs a high-fidelity simulation domain by transplanting lesion textures into healthy anatomical backgrounds, effectively bridging the gap between synthetic augmentation and real-world pathology. Comprehensive experiments on a hybrid dataset demonstrate that our framework significantly enhances the data efficiency and robustness of state-of-the-art models, including nnU-Net and U-Mamba, offering a potent strategy for high-performance medical image analysis with limited annotation budgets.

医学图像分割小样本学习隐式表示数据增强

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