arXiv:2601.17097cs.SDcs.SE2026-01

SWIM让语音识别系统在多用户并发下仍保持低延迟高准确率。

Sink or SWIM: Tackling Real-Time ASR at Scale

  • 基于Whisper构建,通过缓冲区合并实现模型级并行处理多路音频流。
  • 20个并发用户时延迟仅2.4秒,准确率接近单用户水平。
  • 适合需要多语言实时转录的大型交互式语音应用。

实时自动语音识别系统正越来越多地应用于语音助手、实时字幕等交互场景。然而,在支持多个并发客户端的同时保持低延迟和高准确率仍是重大挑战。本文提出SWIM,一个基于OpenAI Whisper模型的新型实时语音识别系统,实现了真正的模型级并行化,支持可扩展的多语言实时转录。SWIM无需修改底层模型即可处理多路音频流,引入了缓冲区合并策略,在保证转录准确性的同时提升资源利用效率。我们在多客户端环境下评估了SWIM,最高支持20个并发用户。结果表明,SWIM在英语、意大利语和西班牙语下均能提供高准确率的实时转录,同时维持低延迟和高吞吐量。相比Whisper-Streaming在单客户端英文场景下约8.2%的词错误率和3.4秒平均延迟,SWIM在5个客户端时延迟降至约2.4秒,且在20个并发用户下仍保持高质量转录,整体吞吐量持续提升。该方法显著提升了动态多用户环境下的语音识别鲁棒性与效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Real-time automatic speech recognition systems are increasingly integrated into interactive applications, from voice assistants to live transcription services. However, scaling these systems to support multiple concurrent clients while maintaining low latency and high accuracy remains a major challenge. In this work, we present SWIM, a novel real-time ASR system built on top of OpenAI's Whisper model that enables true model-level parallelization for scalable, multilingual transcription. SWIM supports multiple concurrent audio streams without modifying the underlying model. It introduces a buffer merging strategy that maintains transcription fidelity while ensuring efficient resource usage. We evaluate SWIM in multi-client settings -- scaling up to 20 concurrent users -- and show that it delivers accurate real-time transcriptions in English, Italian, and Spanish, while maintaining low latency and high throughput. While Whisper-Streaming achieves a word error rate of approximately 8.2% with an average delay of approximately 3.4 s in a single-client, English-only setting, SWIM extends this capability to multilingual, multi-client environments. It maintains comparable accuracy with significantly lower delay -- around 2.4 s with 5 clients -- and continues to scale effectively up to 20 concurrent clients without degrading transcription quality and increasing overall throughput. Our approach advances scalable ASR by improving robustness and efficiency in dynamic, multi-user environments.

语音识别实时系统多语言并行推理

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