arXiv:2601.17207cs.LG2026-01

用传统数值求解器训练神经网络,让物理规律自动生效。

NewPINNs: Physics-Informing Neural Networks Using Conventional Solvers for Partial Differential Equations

  • 神经网络生成解初值,由求解器演化并反馈误差
  • 在多种方程中实现高精度求解,克服传统PINNs的优化难题
  • 适合需要可靠物理约束的工程仿真与逆问题研究

我们提出NewPINNs,一种将神经网络与传统数值求解器结合的物理信息学习框架。不同于通过残差损失强制控制方程和边界条件,NewPINNs将求解器直接嵌入训练循环,以求解器一致性定义学习目标。神经网络生成候选解状态,经由数值求解器推进,训练目标是最小化网络预测与求解器演化的状态差异。这种双向交互使网络通过反复暴露于求解器作用中,学习到满足物理规律的解,无需针对具体问题设计损失函数或显式计算微分方程残差。通过将物理约束、边界条件与数值稳定性交由成熟的数值求解器处理,NewPINNs有效缓解了标准PINNs存在的优化病态、损失权重敏感及在刚性或非线性情形下表现差等常见问题。我们在涉及有限体积法、有限元法和谱方法的多个前向与逆问题中验证了该方法的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce NewPINNs, a physics-informing learning framework that couples neural networks with conventional numerical solvers for solving differential equations. Rather than enforcing governing equations and boundary conditions through residual-based loss terms, NewPINNs integrates the solver directly into the training loop and defines learning objectives through solver-consistency. The neural network produces candidate solution states that are advanced by the numerical solver, and training minimizes the discrepancy between the network prediction and the solver-evolved state. This pull-push interaction enables the network to learn physically admissible solutions through repeated exposure to the solver's action, without requiring problem-specific loss engineering or explicit evaluation of differential equation residuals. By delegating the enforcement of physics, boundary conditions, and numerical stability to established numerical solvers, NewPINNs mitigates several well-known failure modes of standard physics-informed neural networks, including optimization pathologies, sensitivity to loss weighting, and poor performance in stiff or nonlinear regimes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach across multiple forward and inverse problems involving finite volume, finite element, and spectral solvers.

PINNs数值求解物理约束神经网络

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