arXiv:2601.17435cs.SEcs.AI2026-01

为智能代理设计可验证的声明式架构,解决任务执行中的幻觉与不可靠问题。

Towards a Declarative Agentic Layer for Intelligent Agents in MCP-Based Server Ecosystems

  • 用声明式协议明确任务与能力,实现可验证的执行流程
  • 构建联邦代理目录与确定性任务图,支持跨环境复现
  • 适合需要高可靠性智能体系统的开发者和研究者

大语言模型的发展推动了复杂智能体与多智能体系统在规划、工具使用和任务分解方面的能力提升。然而实证研究表明,这些系统普遍存在根本性可靠性问题,包括幻觉动作、不可执行计划和脆弱协作。这些问题并非源于底层模型限制,而是缺乏将目标、能力与执行显式关联的架构结构所致。本文提出一种声明式、模型无关的智能体工作流架构层,称为DALIA(Declarative Agentic Layer for Intelligent Agents),通过形式化可执行能力、采用声明式发现协议暴露任务、维护代理及其资源的联邦目录,并构建仅基于声明操作的确定性任务图,实现发现、规划与执行的清晰分离。该架构将代理行为约束在可验证的操作空间内,减少对推测性推理和自由式协调的依赖。我们阐述了该层的架构与设计原则,并通过典型任务场景展示其运行机制,证明声明式基底能实现跨异构环境的可复现、可验证智能体工作流。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the development of increasingly complex agentic and multi-agent systems capable of planning, tool use and task decomposition. However, empirical evidence shows that many of these systems suffer from fundamental reliability issues, including hallucinated actions, unexecutable plans and brittle coordination. Crucially, these failures do not stem from limitations of the underlying models themselves, but from the absence of explicit architectural structure linking goals, capabilities and execution. This paper presents a declarative, model-independent architectural layer for grounded agentic workflows that addresses this gap. The proposed layer, referred to as DALIA (Declarative Agentic Layer for Intelligent Agents), formalises executable capabilities, exposes tasks through a declarative discovery protocol, maintains a federated directory of agents and their execution resources, and constructs deterministic task graphs grounded exclusively in declared operations. By enforcing a clear separation between discovery, planning and execution, the architecture constrains agent behaviour to a verifiable operational space, reducing reliance on speculative reasoning and free-form coordination. We present the architecture and design principles of the proposed layer and illustrate its operation through a representative task-oriented scenario, demonstrating how declarative grounding enables reproducible and verifiable agentic workflows across heterogeneous environments.

智能体声明式架构可靠性多智能体

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