arXiv:2601.17842cs.CL2026-01被引 1

用情绪聚焦疗法构建多智能体思维链,提升心理问答的共情深度。

EFT-CoT: A Multi-Agent Chain-of-Thought Framework for Emotion-Focused Therapy

  • 基于情绪聚焦疗法设计三阶段多智能体思维链框架
  • 在6.7万条真实求助文本上训练,共情深度超越人类与基线模型
  • 适合心理支持类应用开发,可追溯干预过程

大语言模型在心理健康问答中的应用有望缓解资源短缺问题。然而,现有方法主要依赖认知行为疗法,以理性重构为主,难以支持具身体验和原始情绪处理。为此,我们提出EFT-CoT,一种基于情绪聚焦疗法的多智能体思维链框架。该框架将干预过程分解为三个阶段:具身感知、认知探索与叙事干预,并使用八个专业化智能体模拟躯体觉察映射、适应性评估、核心信念提取与叙事重构等关键机制。基于此,我们构建了包含约6.7万条真实求助文本的EFT-Instruct指令微调数据集,并进一步微调出专用模型EFT-LLM。实验表明,EFT-LLM在共情深度和结构专业性方面持续优于强基线模型与人工回复。消融实验验证了关键机制的有效性,白盒审计也证明了关键中间状态的一致性与可追溯性。整体上,本工作提供了一个可复现的框架-数据-模型一体化方案,实现情绪聚焦疗法机制在大模型心理支持中的嵌入。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The use of large language models (LLMs) for Mental Health Question Answering (MHQA) offers a promising way to alleviate shortages in mental health resources. However, prior work has mainly relied on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and predominantly follows a top-down strategy centered on rational cognitive restructuring, providing limited support for embodied experience and primary emotion processing. To address this gap, we propose EFT-CoT, a multi-agent chain-of-thought framework grounded in Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT). EFT-CoT operationalizes intervention as a three-stage workflow: Embodied Perception, Cognitive Exploration, and Narrative Intervention. The framework employs eight specialized agents to model key processes including somatic awareness mapping, adaptive evaluation, core belief extraction, and narrative restructuring. Based on this framework, we construct EFT-Instruct, a high-quality instruction-tuning dataset built from process-level augmentation of about 67,000 real help-seeking texts, and further fine-tune a dedicated model, EFT-LLM. Experiments show that EFT-LLM consistently outperforms strong baselines and human responses in empathic depth and structural professionalism. Ablation studies further verify the contribution of key mechanisms, while white-box auditing demonstrates the consistency and traceability of critical intermediate states. Overall, this work provides a reproducible framework-data-model pipeline for embedding EFT mechanisms into LLM-based mental health support.

心理问答情绪聚焦多智能体共情生成

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