个性化记忆让对话模型误判有害请求,引发安全漏洞。
When Personalization Legitimizes Risks: Uncovering Safety Vulnerabilities in Personalized Dialogue Agents

- 通过真实个人记忆诱导模型误判有害请求为合理。
- 个性化使攻击成功率提升15.8%至243.7%。
- 提出轻量检测方法有效缓解安全退化,适合安全研究者。
长期记忆使大语言模型代理能够支持个性化和持续性交互。然而,现有个性化代理研究多关注实用性和用户体验,将记忆视为中性组件,忽视其安全影响。本文揭示了一种此前未被充分探索的安全缺陷——意图合法化:良性个人记忆会干扰意图推断,导致模型合理化本应被拒绝的有害请求。为研究该现象,我们提出了PS-Bench基准,用于识别和量化个性化交互中的意图合法化。在多种带记忆的代理框架与基础大模型上,个性化使攻击成功率相对于无状态基线提升了15.8%–243.7%。我们进一步从内部表征空间提供了机制性证据,并提出一种轻量级检测-反思方法,能有效降低安全退化。本工作首次系统地探索并评估了由真实、良性个性化自然引发的意图合法化这一安全失效模式,强调在长期个性化上下文中评估安全性的必要性。代码已开源:https://github.com/MuyuenLP/PS-Bench。警告:本文可能包含有害内容。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Long-term memory enables large language model (LLM) agents to support personalized and sustained interactions. However, most work on personalized agents prioritizes utility and user experience, treating memory as a neutral component and largely overlooking its safety implications. In this paper, we reveal intent legitimation, a previously underexplored safety failure in personalized agents, where benign personal memories bias intent inference and cause models to legitimize inherently harmful queries. To study this phenomenon, we introduce PS-Bench, a benchmark designed to identify and quantify intent legitimation in personalized interactions. Across multiple memory-augmented agent frameworks and base LLMs, personalization increases attack success rates by 15.8\%--243.7\% relative to stateless baselines. We further provide mechanistic evidence for intent legitimation from internal representations space, and propose a lightweight detection-reflection method that effectively reduces safety degradation. Overall, our work provides the first systematic exploration and evaluation of intent legitimation as a safety failure mode that naturally arises from benign, real-world personalization, highlighting the importance of assessing safety under long-term personal context. Our code is available at: https://github.com/MuyuenLP/PS-Bench. WARNING: This paper may contain harmful content.
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