测试聊天聚类摘要中的隐私泄露,发现96%含敏感信息的聚类会暴露秘密字符串。
CanaryBench: Stress Testing Privacy Leakage in Cluster-Level Conversation Summaries
- 用植入秘密字符串的合成对话模拟隐私风险,可量化泄露程度。
- 在52个含密集群中,96%出现秘密字符串,且检测到非零的敏感信息指标。
- 通过设置最小聚类规模和正则删除,可完全消除泄露,适合关注数据安全的研究者。
对对话数据进行聚合分析被广泛用于大语言模型系统中的安全监控、治理与产品分析。常见做法是将对话嵌入、聚类,并发布描述每个聚类的简短文本摘要。尽管原始对话不对外公开,但这些衍生摘要仍可能包含个人身份信息(PII)或从个别对话中复制的独特字符串,造成隐私泄露风险。本文提出CanaryBench,一种简单且可复现的压力测试方法,用于评估聚类级对话摘要中的隐私泄露问题。该方法生成带有预设秘密字符串(“间谍”)的合成对话,因间谍内容已知,一旦出现在摘要中即可被精确测量。在3,000条合成对话(24个主题)上使用TF-IDF嵌入与k-means聚类,以0.60的间谍注入率测试一个故意采用引用式报告的摘要生成器。结果显示,在52个含间谍的聚类中,有50个发生间谍泄露(聚类级泄露率0.961538),同时存在非零的基于正则表达式的PII指示器计数。一种最小防御策略——结合最小聚类大小阈值(k-min = 25)与正则表达式删减——在本次实验中完全消除了间谍泄露与PII命中,同时保持了相近的聚类一致性代理指标。本工作聚焦于公共分析成果的隐私风险度量,而非原始用户数据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aggregate analytics over conversational data are increasingly used for safety monitoring, governance, and product analysis in large language model systems. A common practice is to embed conversations, cluster them, and publish short textual summaries describing each cluster. While raw conversations may never be exposed, these derived summaries can still pose privacy risks if they contain personally identifying information (PII) or uniquely traceable strings copied from individual conversations. We introduce CanaryBench, a simple and reproducible stress test for privacy leakage in cluster-level conversation summaries. CanaryBench generates synthetic conversations with planted secret strings ("canaries") that simulate sensitive identifiers. Because canaries are known a priori, any appearance of these strings in published summaries constitutes a measurable leak. Using TF-IDF embeddings and k-means clustering on 3,000 synthetic conversations (24 topics) with a canary injection rate of 0.60, we evaluate an intentionally extractive example snippet summarizer that models quote-like reporting. In this configuration, we observe canary leakage in 50 of 52 canary-containing clusters (cluster-level leakage rate 0.961538), along with nonzero regex-based PII indicator counts. A minimal defense combining a minimum cluster-size publication threshold (k-min = 25) and regex-based redaction eliminates measured canary leakage and PII indicator hits in the reported run while maintaining a similar cluster-coherence proxy. We position this work as a societal impacts contribution centered on privacy risk measurement for published analytics artifacts rather than raw user data.
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