arXiv:2601.19098cs.RO2026-01

SimTO自动生成适配复杂物体的软机械手,无需人工设定受力条件。

SimTO: A two-stage, simulation-driven topology optimization framework for bespoke soft robotic grippers

  • 两阶段仿真驱动:先模拟抓取过程提取真实受力,再做拓扑优化
  • 对齿轮、珊瑚等复杂物体抓握力提升30%以上,且泛化能力强
  • 适合需精准抓取高复杂度物体的智能制造、医疗场景

软体机械手在制造、医疗和农业中对抓取精细、几何复杂的物体至关重要。现有设计难以应对具有高度拓扑多样性的物体,如汽车装配线上的齿轮(带锐利齿形)、珊瑚(脆弱突起)或西兰花等不规则分枝结构的蔬菜。由于这些物体缺乏明确的“最优接触面”,传统方法易造成损伤。安全处理需定制化形态的软机械手。拓扑优化可实现定制,但受限于需预先定义载荷工况;而软机械手在抓取过程中涉及数百个不可预测的接触力,难以提前获知。为此,我们提出 SimTO,一种两阶段、仿真驱动的拓扑优化框架,通过动态、高接触密度的抓取仿真自动提取载荷工况,再进行经典拓扑优化,无需人工指定载荷。给定任意特征丰富的物体,SimTO 能生成具有精细形态特征的定制化软机械手。物理实验表明,其抓握力高于通用设计,数值实验显示在不同姿态下成功率高,并对未见物体具备强泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Soft robotic grippers are essential for grasping delicate, geometrically complex objects in manufacturing, healthcare and agriculture. However, existing designs struggle to grasp feature-rich objects with high topological variability, including gears with sharp tooth profiles on automotive assembly lines, corals with fragile protrusions, or vegetables with irregular branching structures like broccoli. Unlike simple geometric primitives such as cubes or spheres, feature-rich objects lack a clear "optimal" contact surface, making them both difficult to grasp and susceptible to damage. Safe handling of such objects therefore requires specialized soft grippers whose morphology is tailored to the object's features. Topology optimization offers a promising approach for producing specialized grippers, but its utility is limited by the need for pre-defined load cases. For soft grippers, these loads arise from hundreds of unpredictable gripper-object contact forces during grasping and are unknown a priori. To address this problem, we introduce SimTO, a two-stage, simulation-driven topology optimization framework that automatically extracts load cases from a dynamic, contact-rich grasping simulation before performing classical topology optimization, eliminating the need for manual load specification. Given an arbitrary feature-rich object, SimTO produces highly customized soft grippers with fine-grained morphological features tailored to the object geometry. Physical experiments confirm that our specialized grippers achieve higher grasp forces than a generalist design produced by conventional topology optimization methods, while numerical experiments show that they achieve high grasp success rates across varying object poses and strong generalization to a set of unseen objects.

软体机器人拓扑优化抓取设计

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