arXiv:2601.19121cs.IRcs.AI2026-01被引 5

用大模型协调双代理,让推荐系统100%满足商业约束。

LLMs as Orchestrators: Constraint-Compliant Multi-Agent Optimization for Recommendation Systems

  • 分设优化与探索双代理,由大模型动态分配资源。
  • 在亚马逊数据集上实现100%约束满足,帕累托超体积提升4%-6%。
  • 适合需要强合规性的电商推荐场景,部署可靠性高。

推荐系统需在满足公平性、覆盖率等硬性业务约束的前提下优化多目标。例如电商平台要求每条推荐列表包含多个卖家商品及至少一个新上架商品,任何违规在生产环境中均不可接受。现有基于大模型的推荐方法多将约束视为软惩罚或仅关注评分与交互,导致实际部署中频繁违规。本文提出DualAgent-Rec,一种由大模型协调的双代理框架,用于约束型多目标电商推荐。框架分离优化为:侧重精度的利用代理(在硬约束下运行)和促进多样性的探索代理(进行无约束帕累托搜索)。一个基于大模型的协调器根据优化进度与约束满足度动态分配资源,结合自适应epsilon松弛机制,确保最终解的可行性。在Amazon Reviews 2023数据集上的实验表明,DualAgent-Rec实现100%约束满足,帕累托超体积相比强基线提升4%-6%,同时保持良好的准确率-多样性权衡。结果表明,大模型可作为可部署、约束合规推荐系统的有效指挥者。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recommendation systems must optimize multiple objectives while satisfying hard business constraints such as fairness and coverage. For example, an e-commerce platform may require every recommendation list to include items from multiple sellers and at least one newly listed product; violating such constraints--even once--is unacceptable in production. Prior work on multi-objective recommendation and recent LLM-based recommender agents largely treat constraints as soft penalties or focus on item scoring and interaction, leading to frequent violations in real-world deployments. How to leverage LLMs for coordinating constrained optimization in recommendation systems remains underexplored. We propose DualAgent-Rec, an LLM-coordinated dual-agent framework for constrained multi-objective e-commerce recommendation. The framework separates optimization into an Exploitation Agent that prioritizes accuracy under hard constraints and an Exploration Agent that promotes diversity through unconstrained Pareto search. An LLM-based coordinator adaptively allocates resources between agents based on optimization progress and constraint satisfaction, while an adaptive epsilon-relaxation mechanism guarantees feasibility of final solutions. Experiments on the Amazon Reviews 2023 dataset demonstrate that DualAgent-Rec achieves 100% constraint satisfaction and improves Pareto hypervolume by 4-6% over strong baselines, while maintaining competitive accuracy-diversity trade-offs. These results indicate that LLMs can act as effective orchestration agents for deployable and constraint-compliant recommendation systems.

推荐系统大模型应用约束优化双代理

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