arXiv:2601.19435cs.GTcs.AI2026-01被引 8

让大模型生成内容时精准插入广告,兼顾效果与隐私。

Ad Insertion in LLM-Generated Responses

  • 用'题材'代替实时查询竞价,降低计算和隐私风险。
  • 在10万广告商测试中,系统1.25秒完成竞价,效率高。
  • 自研评判标准与真人评分相关性达0.66,适合评估广告匹配度。

大语言模型的可持续变现仍是关键挑战。传统搜索广告依赖静态关键词,难以捕捉对话中瞬时变化的用户意图(如所需信息、商品或服务)。高效的大模型广告需兼顾语义一致性(广告与上下文匹配)、计算效率(避免延迟)及伦理合规(隐私保护、明确标注广告)。现有方案在词元或查询层面竞价,均无法全面满足这些要求。本文提出双解耦框架:首先将广告插入与内容生成分离,实现前置筛选与显式披露;其次以‘题材’(高层次语义聚类)为代理,使广告主竞标稳定类别而非敏感实时响应,减少计算负担与隐私风险。采用VCG拍卖机制,在10万广告商与100个候选位的合成实验中,系统可在消费级笔记本上约1.25秒内完成竞价,具备近似主导策略激励相容(DSIC)、个体理性(IR)和社会福利保障。最后引入‘大模型作为裁判’评估指标,其预测与人类平均评分的相关系数为斯皮尔曼ρ≈0.66,优于36名评者中的29人(80.6%)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Sustainable monetization of large language models (LLMs) remains a critical open challenge. Traditional search advertising, which relies on static keywords, fails to capture the fleeting, context-dependent user intent---the specific information, goods, or services a user seeks---embedded in conversational flows. Beyond the standard goal of social welfare maximization effective LLM advertising requires contextual coherence (aligning ads semantically with transient user intent), computational efficiency (avoiding user-facing latency), and adherence to ethical and regulatory standards, including privacy preservation and explicit ad disclosure. Although recent solutions have explored bidding at the token and query levels, neither category holistically satisfies these constraints. We propose a framework that resolves these tensions through two decoupling strategies. First, we decouple ad insertion from response generation to facilitate pre-screening and explicit disclosure. Second, we decouple bidding from specific user queries by using ``genres'' (high-level semantic clusters) as a proxy. This allows advertisers to bid on stable categories rather than sensitive real-time responses, reducing computational burden and privacy risks. Applying the VCG auction mechanism to this genre-based framework provides approximate guarantees for dominant-strategy incentive compatibility (DSIC), individual rationality (IR), and social welfare. In synthetic experiments with $10^5$ advertisers and 100 candidate slots, VCG clears in approximately 1.25 seconds on a consumer-grade laptop. Finally, we introduce an ``LLM-as-a-Judge'' metric for estimating contextual coherence. Its predictions correlate with mean human ratings at Spearman's $ρ\approx 0.66$ and have a higher correlation with the leave-one-out group mean than 29 of 36 individual raters (80.6\%).

广告插入大模型经济激励机制语义匹配

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